Arctic cap melting

The article voices worries over the phenomenal quick pace of Arctic top dissolving. Be that as it may, the liquefying procedure itself presents lesser risk to the Earth biological system as contrasted and the input components Arctic ice is engaged with. These criticism components add to a dangerous atmospheric devation in three unmistakable ways.As ice liquefies, the domain of untamed sea waters increments. Water has lower reflectivity, or albedo, when contrasted with ice. This reality involves that water assimilates 80 percent more sun based radiation than ocean ice does.â Thus, the sun warms the sea all the more rapidly, and this procedure brings about an endless loop accelerating worldwide warming.The second way ice dissolving quickens environmental change is related with the way that seas ingest about a large portion of the carbon dioxide that people discharge into the air. However their capacity to assimilate carbon dioxide is decreased by the expansion in ocean’s tempe rature in light of the fact that the gas breaks down less promptly in hotter water. Moreover, warming of seas infers less blending among profound and surface waters †the procedure that gives supplements to microscopic fish that assimilate carbon dioxide.Finally, ice softening involves spoiling of natural issue contained in the permafrost. This procedure includes the arrival of carbon dioxide and methane into the Earth air. Warming likewise influences wetlands and backwoods drying up peat swamps and causing bug invasion that slaughters pine forest.More out of control fires happen in dead or biting the dust woodlands, and the procedure of ignition discharges immense amounts of carbon into the atmosphere.All these disturbing signs require an assembled and reliable activity by every ecological extremist and everybody excited about sparing our planet.

Curriculum Development for Inclusive Practice Essay

Educational plan Development for comprehensive practice Curriculum is characterized as the accompanying; a particular outline for discovering that is gotten from substance and execution measures. Educational plan takes substance and shapes it into an arrangement for powerful instructing and learning. Along these lines, educational plan is in excess of a general system, it is a particular arrangement with recognized exercises in a fitting structure and grouping for coordinating instructing (Wiggins and McTighe, 1998). The word ‘curriculum’ is really a Latin word for ‘racecourse’. Educational plan is the exercises that students will embrace to accomplish their learning objectives. The arranging, students experience and request in which it happens are all piece of the educational plan. There are a gigantic and huge measure of components that help shape an educational plan. There are a wide range of strategies and ways to deal with the plan and execution of educational plan and a great deal is dependant on the teachers’ approach of it. In the realm of preparing, the educational plan can structured around the goals of the customers particulars. More often than not educational plan depends on the authoritative needs of learning and destinations, for instance, their educational program. Endorsement from outside organizations, for instance, granting bodies give endorsement for the capability to be conveyed. The granting bodies flexibly the prospectus or direction which gives the instructor the data and system for conveyance and evaluation of the topic. Outside offices may give financing now and again and in this case the course might be given once the subsidizing has been accomplished. Inside the preparation in-house part of educating, it is typically the business and individual needs’ that sets the benchmark for the necessity of bespoke instructional classes. In house preparing/instructing provide food for the necessities of the staff and in the dominant part a great deal of the courses accomplished by the students don't prompt proper capabilities. In the entirety of the above cases the association will gracefully the prospectus or course substance to shape the educational program. On the off chance that the schedule or course content isn't accessible the educator should build up their own based around the subject that must be conveyed. The point of the instructors is to distinguish the adapting needs, styles and the capability of the students, this needs’ to be accomplished at the before the beginning of the understudies learning. For instance of this a school’s educational program involves both legal components (counting the National Curriculum, strict training and professions instructions) and non legal components (needs characterized by the school). A territory where there will be a criticalness of correspondence and decent variety in the structure of the educational plan would be youngsters with multi-tangible impedances. One of the major standards of the code of training is that all kids, incorporating those with exceptional instructive needs ought to be offered full access to an expansive, adjusted and pertinent training. This is the thing that the national educational program was intended to give. A few kids who are multi-tactile disabled will follow the National Curriculum, as a rule with extra help. Others will follow an adjusted type of it. Still others will follow progressively particular formative educational programs which will incorporate showing a kid things that non-debilitated kids definitely know when they start school. Indeed, even kids who follow a similar educational plan as non-incapacitated companions, in any case, will for the most part need extra components due to their tangible disability. These may identify with: * versatility aptitudes, correspondence, tactile turn of events or different viewpoints explicitly influenced by hard of hearing visual deficiency * treatment needs †for instance, physiotherapy * ideas generally adapted unexpectedly †for instance, the relational and freedom abilities utilized at break or dinner times All instructors alter the educational program so as to meet the scope of adapting needs in their group. Kids who are multi-tactile debilitated are probably going to require the educational program adjusted on an individual premise, on the grounds that each child’s blend of hearing impedance, visual hindrance, different incapacities and learning attributes will be extraordinary. There are numerous models which influence the conveyance of educational program, manner by which an instructor must accomplish the final product, ought to and could convey to the students. For instance, the item model spotlights colossally on the results of a course. The item model is likewise alluded to as the social destinations model. A model could be of a medical aid course, the instructor needs to encourage what must be educated so as to encourage the students to pass. Preparing in the work environment is especially sharpened to the item/social model of educational plan improvement. The educator center dominatingly around what must be instructed as opposed to concentrating on what ought to or could be shown The conduct model of learning focuses on the quantifiable result of educational program. The benefits of the conduct model are that there is ordinarily a general proclamation of plan and this is ideally guaranteeing evasion of ambiguity. The appraisal procedure is in reality increasingly exact. The learning ought to be bit by bit and it should concentrate on the recently learned material. Ralph Tyler (1971) expressed that there is a rule for educational plan advancement that the cooperating impacts of sorted out grant, the student, and society ought to give the predominant source and impact for educational program improvement. Tyler composed his model into four basic inquiries, which he expressed ought to be replied when planning educational program: 1. What are your educational plan points and destinations? Which learning encounters meet these points and goals 3. By what method can these realizing encounters be sorted out into an educational plan program? 4. By what method would this be able to program be assessed? The Tyler hypothesis to date is the most powerful model of all in readiness of educational program, the necessities of society at the hour of improvement and the requirements of the student at the hour of advancement should be basic. The consistently developing social brain research of our general public must be represented, precisely what are the instructive purposes waiting be achieved. The center ought to be identified with past learning and encounters and after break down the variables how is the educational plan configuration going to include and accomplish the goals that might not have been reached beforehand. The way of thinking of training will significantly influence a student’s life. It is giving the establishments, the parts of information and social encounters are expected to improve learner’s fates. A model could be of preparing, the various settings and mutli-social workforce will have a minor departure from the educational program. The educational program should be planned in organization with the businesses, so a competency system will be met. Points and goals should set inside in the competency system which after some time changes with enactment and guidelines. The learning encounters should sorted out into the educational plan and profundity, multifaceted nature of the subject, guaranteeing that it covers all degrees of learner’s achievement. At that point course should be assessed, by what method will the course be assessed and the key destinations accomplished? Straightforwardly the Tyler hypothesis by and by is the most idiot proof plan of educational program. The educational plan can be abstract and not entirely clear. Needs investigation past to structure of educational program is basic, the discoveries ought to be summed up and ought to plan some portion of the educational program advancement documentation, which is practice is phenomenal in the event that you have the pertinent data preceding course conveyance. The universe of preparing can be impromptu and mentors are not generally conscious of this data. Be that as it may, the social model methodology has gotten analysis. One of the contentions against the social model is that the ‘affective domain’ can't be considered satisfactorily as far as explicit practices. The full of feeling space depicts learning targets that stress an inclination tone, a feeling, or a level of acknowledgment or dismissal, along these lines it can't be surveyed satisfactorily and the conduct model will debilitate ‘creativity’ with respect to both student and educator. In the 1980’s behaviorism was supplanted by the humanistic way to deal with educational plan structure and usage. The procedure model focuses on course content, important information and abilities that can be learnt and applied. This model spotlights on teacher’s exercises, the conditions wherein the learning happens and the student exercises. A model could incorporate when an individual pays for their course of study. The student would get the advantage of what ‘must’ and ‘should’ be secured just as ‘what’ could be conveyed. Stenhouse (1975) cited the English word reference when characterizing educational program as ‘a course; particularly an ordinary course of study as at school or university’. More often than not the course structure/educational plan is the thing that the administering bodies have chosen ought to be instructed. The sets what precisely as educators ahead of time what realizing will be arranged, accomplished and what objectives ought to be created to the oppressed being instructed. Stenhouse tested the view that educators should be objective in their perspective on educational plan, reasonable even, to guarantee that there is a harmony between the ‘intentions and realities’ that the educational plan configuration will get the best results for their understudies. He draws examinations the procedure of educational plan with respect to a formula in cookery, the formula is followed and the outcome would be a dish. In principle this can be an attempted and tried, for instance, how to you know whether the educational plan configuration has accomplished all the training objectives until the there is an assessment toward the finish of the course? What number of pass evaluations and what number of disappointments. Like creation a cake it doesn’t consistently rise the way you’d wished it to. Regularly when preparing

Economics in Asia-Pacific Region

Economics in Asia-Pacific Region Current Economic Issues in the Asia-Pacific Region Home›Economics Posts›Current Economic Issues in the Asia-Pacific Region Economics PostsIntroductionThe economy of most Asia pacific region countries has recently seen a boost in its growth placing it among the fastest growing economy in the world. This growth has however been accompanied by various issues such as inflation and an issue of low currency exchange rate in some countries compared to the US or other EU countries. Countries such as Philippines and Vietnam have suffered low currency power and a risk of inflation when the economy is not monitored and regulated. This paper seeks to examine some current issues faced by the economies of major countries in the Asia pacific region (Hawke, 2009).Trade issueTrade between countries such as the US or other EU countries with Asia pacific region especially China has been under economists attack due to various policies which are viewed as halting trade and economic growth as a whole . Taking china as an example, the Chinese government has had a policy of halting the currency appreciation against the dollar. Such actions are mostly followed by Chinese exports to the US being cheap whiles imports from US to china are relatively expensive. Due to this fact, the economy of china gradually falls and trade between china and the US is affected not mentioning the long run effect of imbalances in the global economy (Envall, 2010).The Obama administration have discussed   the low rate of china’s currency appreciation under   the fast exports increase in China and trade overload over the past year in an effort to urge China to speed up the rate of currency appreciation in order to balance the global economic trade (Envall, 2010). With the rise in cost of importation in china, the economy and growth of economy in the whole Asia pacific region is greatly affected which could lead to other countries suffering due to hindrance of the global economy recovery.The trade issue in the Asia Pacific Region also extends to the export materials from these countries. Clothes and electronics are the most common commodity exports from the Asia Pacific countries and a need to diversify the export material is becoming louder each day. Countries such as Vietnam and Philippines are much affected by the lack of a diversified economy though their exports income has continually improved their GDP still remains low compared to other countries (Hawke, 2009).The issue of use of different currency has lead to some relative economic problems in terms of trade in the Asia pacific region. These issues have caused some currencies such as the Vietnam Dong and Philippine’s currency to float in the global market and thus a slow economic growth. In comparison to the EU (European Union) a common currency for this case the Euro, helps in trade affairs across borders and through this, a common free trade area is achieved which helps the economies of such countries to grow. This brin gs in the idea that an open economy is the fastest growing economy.Countries in the Asia Pacific region are also faces by an issue of almost similar energy supply and demand. An example is the case of Indonesia and china whose energy supply and demands are met by petroleum resources and coal resources respectively. In this context, an energy crisis in one country would indirectly or directly lead to effects in the other country’s exports and earnings and consequently the general economy in this country is affected (Envall, 2010).   Petroleum products in Indonesia are the major exports while as china will soon be a leading exporter of coal. With this in mind, an effect in one country’s energy source affecting the other will have a major impact on each country’s economySecurity issuesEconomic environment is supposed to be one that should facilitate sound and safe economic growth. With the rising cost of terrorism in the world and nuclear threats, economies in most Asia Pacific r egion countries are at risk of being victims of depressed economy or economic sanctions from other states such the US. The threat of terrorism has hindered regional integration in various corporations such as the APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation) and therefore their economic growth is affected. With this issue comes a need to establish better economic environments that are conducive for economic growth as well as regional participation in trade and other economic activities.Through the introduction of corporations such as APEC better environments in which economies can prosper are easily created and it also helps in enabling trade between various countries that is, it helps in trade liberalization and subsequent improvement of economies in all beneficial countries (Hawke, 2009). The corporation recently held a meeting to identify ways of fostering regional security in an effort to improve regional trade and integration. Another aim of the APEC meeting was to stabilize trade f lows between the regional members and in this activity, the sought to establish better trading terms and assimilate other regional countries faced by the problem of insecurity.In other countries which are not in the Asia pacific region for instance EU and the United States, the issue of terrorism and insecurity has posed a great threat to free trade organizations and regional trade corporation as well. Countries involved with terrorism and other security threats face risks of sanctions and are not allowed to participate in trade with other regional members.Economic stabilityA current major economic issue facing a lot of countries in the Asia pacific region can be drawn from the political and economic stability idea. Politics in any given country usually reflect or have consequences in the economy of that country. When the political grounds of a country are characterized with rampart corruption, the economy also reflects deficient efforts and the country is bound to struggle to meet the demands of its citizens.This is also the case in Asia pacific region in countries such as Vietnam and Korea. A stable government is also characterized by a stable economy and low risks of inflation. Korea has in most cases been involved in nuclear threats and these activities have contributed to destabilization of the Korean government and consequently a reduction in economic growth due to less economic activities with other neighboring countries in the regions such as Japan as well as economic sanctions (Hawke, 2009). This and other activities contribute to economic crisis that are associated with unstable governments.In other cases such as in Vietnam, inefficient and incompetent governments are cited as the leading contributors to the problem of inflation. Vietnam today faces the problem of wealth distribution whereby the vast population of Vietnamese are poor while as only a small percentage is extremely rich. Under these circumstances, inflation is bound to be experienced or a low currency exchange power of the Vietnam dong. Consequently, trade and other economic activities between done by these countries are either inefficient or expensive to sustain and therefore its economy faces a risk of depression.Also associated with the issue of instability is the lack of employment. Asian pacific region faces an issue of increase in unemployment especially countries such as India. In this context, the cost of production for various commodities increases and the profit margins are narrowed. The country is therefore not in a position to participate in trade activities beneficially with other regional countries and therefore faces an economic crisis on labor and trade provision (Envall, 2010).ConclusionThe Asia pacific region is today faced by vast issues which can be summarized in the above discussion. Though the region’s majority countries are characterized by a GDP that is lower than the one in countries such as in EU region, they can boost of a rapid growin g economy that is expected to overshadow some issues that have faced the region for a while such as low currency power against the dollar and Euro (Envall, 2010).

Ecotourism Local Singapore - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 14 Words: 4089 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? A Case study of: Pulau Ubin Island, Singapore Introduction Background Many developing countries frequently use ecotourism as an excellent tool for promoting sustainable development. In many instance, ecotourism is suitable way to protect natural environment and create socio and economic benefit for the local community. What David Weaver says that interest in ecotourism is rationalized among tourism planners and marketers by number of potential assumption regarding sectors environmental, economic and socio cultural benefits (Weaver 1999). There are some ecotourism projects that support to the local community. On the other hand, many ecotourism projects have failed to address some fundamental issues and dont generate the very benefits that are expected to provide by ecotourism. Economic gain of ecotourism may turn into social and environmental damages when inadequately planned and implemented it. Anyhow, ecotourism has continued to gain popularity over the two decades and has developed into worldwide phenomena that show no signs of slowing down. The fact is that ecotourism is one of the rapid growing sectors in the tourism industry (Sharpley 2003). The demand for ecotourism is increasing at an annual rate of 10 to 30 percent (TIES 2000). In this circumstance, it is important to recognize possible physical environment, socio-cultural and economic impacts and its effectiveness as a strategy for sustainable development. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ecotourism Local Singapore" essay for you Create order Problem statement There are lot of negative impact on the environment and local community due to unsustainable planning and management of ecotourism (Honey 1999). In rural areas, managing and controlling the development of ecotourism may be somewhat complex because of lack of experiences on the subject of the carrying capacity of the host destination. Therefore, it is necessary to have an assessment of potential physical environmental, socio-cultural, and economic impact of ecotourism for the planning of sustainable ecotourism development in an area. Further Analyzing the potential of ecotourism as a strategy for sustainable development of a particular area is important to carry on development activities in future. In that way, Pulau Ubin doesnt experience rapid urbanization like other parts of Singapore. Still it has its own nature and unspoiled environment. But, Singapore government implements several ecotourism development projects on this small island right now. Those projects are so much problema tic and controversial. There are strong voices regarding environmental protection of the Island. Thus, indentifying potential impacts of ecotourism and its compatibility for sustainable development must be studied in Pulau Ubin Island Singapore. Justification of the study According to available literature, ecotourism is growing rapidly in Singapore (Herbig). At the same time, one of the problems regarding ecotourism is that it is developed without satisfying knowledge of the impacts on local environments. It is a rather new type of tourism and yet there are few clear papers written in this field particularly about Pulau Ubin. Therefore, it is better studying about potential physical environmental, economic and socio-cultural impact of ecotourism and its compatibility for sustainable development in Pulau Ubin Island Singapore. Therefore this research attempts to fulfill these objectives as much as possible. Objectives of the research and research question Objectives of this research are To assess possible physical environmental, economic and socio-cultural impacts of ecotourism To investigate the potential of ecotourism as a strategy for local sustainable development. The following research question will be used to address the purposes of the research What kind of impacts are on the physical environment, economic and socio-cultural due to development of ecotourism? What sort of factors should be taken into account before introducing ecotourism in the Pulau Ubin Island? How ecotourism can be utilized as a tool for local sustainable development Study Area Pulau ubin is the second the largest, first one is Pulau Tekong, offshore island of Singapore. It is located in the strait of johor just opposite to Changi. Pulau Ubin has been described as being boomerang shaped. Pulau Ubin is about 8 Km length and 1.3 to 1.7 Km breadth with the area of 10.3 Km2. It is almost flat land. The highest point is Puaka hill. It is around 74m height from sea level. Pulau Sekudu or Frog Island (opposite Chek Jawa), and Pulau Ketam (opposite Ubin Lagoon Resort) are the two major offshore islets which are very near to the Pulau Ubin. There are several rivers which are meandering through Pulau Ubin in which Sungei Besar and Sungei Mamam are the main rivers. Pulau Ubin is made up mostly of granite. This controls the much of the activities of the island. Especially the name Pulau Ubin arises from this crucial geological structure. Pulau Ubin doesnt experience rapid urbanization and industrialization like main land of Singapore. Still it has its own traditional w ay of living. Most of the people inhabit with the scattered settlement model. Major portion of the population around two third is Chinese and rest is Indians and malays. Major activities of income are subsistence farming, commercial fishing and net-cage fisheries, prawn farming, coconut plantations and so on. This small island is very popular for leisure and recreation activities among local and international tourist. (https://www.wildsingapore.com/ubin/places/geography.htm). Figure 01 Map of the Study Area Methodology Research design Research design helps researcher to decide research approach. That is to say, either qualitative or quantitative or the combination of both. Further, research design put a basic for analyzing the collected data. This will lead the researcher to think of time availability, practical problems and so on (Kitchin and Tate 2000). There are no specific rules and regulations as to how to develop research design. When Kitchin and Tate (2000) point out regarding research design, it is very difficult to give a guideline as to how to design a research. Most of the time, research design is the outcome of the knowledge and imagination of the researcher (Kitchin and Tate 2000). This means, research design comes from researchers own view and judgment. Selection of the research methods will vary according to the nature of the research. Besides, a research method depends on the research problem, research question and experiences of researcher. Accordingly, I adopt qualitative methods in this research to perform well. A literature review will be done to get more information regarding this study. In fact, Secondary data will be used as a supportive data to the primary data. In this research, qualitative methods will be used as key method to get information since this is going to deal with environmental, Economic and socio cultural impact of the ecotourism. Most part of the research may deal with community based activities. Justification of the methodology The qualitative method that I choose in my research is based on the nature of the study. This research partially deals with social aspect. Therefore, qualitative method is considered more suitable to assess possible physical environmental, economic and socio-cultural impacts of ecotourism. Crang (2002) points out that Qualitative approaches have enabled the study of, and emphasized the importance of, seeing economic activity as a set of lived practices, assumptions and codes of behavior. Further, Qualitative method is used to understand the lived experience and to reflect on it and sharing the meaning of everyday social world and realities (Limb and Dwyer 2001). In addition, qualitative method is used to collect about the activities, behavior and problems that the people face in their daily context. Further, qualitative methodology is considered as good to study about the diverse view of the stakeholders in the ecotourism since it involves with many different stakeholders interest. W hen we are more stick on the multiple meaning, representation then qualitative methodology is useful one (Limb and Dwyer 2001). Further, qualitative methods will help me to make sure the date that I am going to obtain from different interview in the field. In fact, qualitative methods have its unique features as I mentioned above. But there are certain limitations in the qualitative methods. For instance, sometimes it may be bias. That is to say, there is possibility to have researchers influence in the finding of the research. When many researchers use qualitative methods in their research, theme may be same, but interpretation of the same theme will be in different point of view according to researchers background. When Kvale (1996) points out regarding researchers bias, he says that, there is lack of objectivity in the qualitative research. Objectivity means here is freedom from being bias. There is another critique about qualitative methods that, information for the research use to collect from very small amount of respondents. Therefore it will not represent whole population or the society. Data Types, Sources and Collection This research will be contained both primary and secondary data. Most of the researches and other articles which are related to the study will be reviewed as secondary data. For instance, previous research about the Pulau Ubin Island. Basically, both primary and secondary data will be used to prove the objective of the research. Secondary data will be functioned as more supportive data to the primary data. Methodology of research Methodologically, this study will be carried out in three phases. Phase I concerns the literature reviews. This will be accomplished through searching literature on tourism and ecotourism to discover the possible impacts of ecotourism on visited destinations. The literature review covers books, articles, and website data which will be systematically assessed to identify the three major areas of economic, socio-cultural, and physical environmental impacts on eco-tourist destinations and ecotourism as a strategy for local sustainable development. Primary factors of above mentioned areas will be identified that influence of ecotourism developments and their impacts on the local levels. Phase II applies the factors elaborated upon in Phase I to assess the Pulau Ubin Island. This will be done by using the data that I am going to collect in Pulau Ubin Island during the summer of 2008. The data collection will include observations, interviews with elected officials and some governmental and private business entities, tourists (if possible both international and national tourist) and some secondary data sources. Phase III these data will be assessed according to the identified factors for two purposes: first, to assess possible physical environment, Economic and Socio-cultural impacts of ecotourism in Pulau Ubin Island; second, to look into the potential of ecotourism as a strategy for local sustainable development. Sample selection Respondents will be selected by using snowball sampling methods to address the research question and objective of the study. Snowball sampling methods will help the researcher understanding of the problem and research question. For example, key informants will be selected based on their professional status to get more and more relevant information. Tourists will be selected randomly including local tourist. This will diminish some kind of inconveniences to the researcher. Primary data will be collected through around 30 semi-structured interviews that will conduct with 30 people from June 15th to August 15th 2008. These interviews include: 14 villagers, 3 owners of restaurant, 2 employees of the restaurant, 4 employees from companies that are working in the study area, a person from central environmental authority of Singapore, a person from Ministry of Environment of Singapore and 5 tourists (both international and local). Therefore a total of 30 interviews will be conducted and analyzed as part of this research. Semi-structured Key informant and individual interviews In this research, primary and data will be gathered by using semi structure interview and direct observation. Semi structured interviews will be used to collect data from both individual and key informants. Semi structured interviews acts as an effective tool for collecting basic information stakeholders regarding ecotourism. Qualitative methods are methodologically appealing because they allow a wide range of experiences to be documented, voices to be heard, representations to be made and interpretations to be extracted. Open ended qualitative interviews are, after all, the obvious way of allowing people to speak for themselves about their own view and experiences of the world (Limb and Dwyer 2001). When we have interviews it generates lots of information very quickly. So it helps researchers to handle lot of topics of the research at a time. Sometimes, qualitative interview helps us to clarify the problems raised by the interviewer. Always interviews are really good for studying pe oples understanding of meaning, describing their experiences, clarifying their own perspective on their day to day live (Kvale 1996). There are certain critiques on the in-depth and semi structured interviews. That is to say, in-depth and semi structured interviews are very much dependent on the skill of the interviewer. This means, amount of the expected data is based on the expression of the interviewer and how interviewer interacts with informant. In many instance, interview may divert into another direction due to the skill of argument or interest of the informant and sometime there is chance to mislead the interviewer by the key informant (Mikkelsen 2005). This is also one of the disadvantages of having interviews. In the in-depth interviews, it is very difficult to keep important question from omitting that can address our research objectives. Always researcher has to be very careful on the topic and related question when he conducts interviews. Good interviews require expertise in both subject matter and interaction (Kvale 1996). In addition, flexibility of researcher in sequences and words of the interview may affect the result of the informant namely there may be different answers from the different perspective (Mikkelsen 2005). All interviews in this research will be carried out with take into account all of these strength and weakness of the interview. Interview guides are formulated to conduct these interviews (see appendix 01). Participant Observation Other than interviews, participant observation will also be engaged. Participant observation activities contain living with a family in the community, working with them and spending time to understand their activities, behaviors and so on (Laurier 2003). In that way there are possibilities to attain in tourism activities, and meetings of local residents in Puau Ubin Singapore. Participant observation will be used to harmonize and support the interview process in three ways; first, it yields insights that assist in the formulation of questions for interviews. Second, it makes easy relationships with local residents. Finally, participant observation offers the opportunity to confirm or question the information gained through interviews. When Smith (2001) points out there are lots of thing that can only be obtained through participant observation. Participant observation and interviews are not separate activities, but mutually informative methods. When Kitchin and Tate (2000) point out that direct observation is an inductive method to obtain fruitful information. It is important to note, however, that in this research the interviews are the primary source of data, while participant observation plays a supporting role. Data analysis Data of this research will be analyzed according to the theoretical frame work and objective and research questions of this research. The collected data in this study will also be analyzed according to the theoretical framework of the research. The collected date from interviews will be transcribed and coded into theme in relation to the concept, theory and interviewees response and researchers observations. In addition, secondary data will be analyzed by using text analysis. Use of the secondary date will help us to get more understanding of ground situation of the field. Validity and reliability In qualitative research, validity and reliability are two most important factors that should be taken into account when designing, analyzing and evaluating quality of the research. Conclusion of the qualitative research should be very strong and natural to accept it without further doubt or confusion (Kitchin and Tate 2000). There should not be bias in order to get validity and reliability in qualitative research. Validity in qualitative research is a tool to make sure the logical order, foundation, and soundness of the research (Kitchin and Tate 2000). Validity depends on the nature of the theme that we investigated in the field (Kvale 1996). Normally, validity in qualitative research means that true and certain of findings. It can be motioned in anther way that validity measures the truthful of how far reached its intended objectives. Researcher uses series of question to maximize the validity of the research. Each question should be justified in relation to the objectives and rese arch questions of the research to establish validity. Most of the time, validity interlink with empirical knowledge of the subject and area of the research. Reliability is some sort of trustworthiness of the research and findings. Validity and reliability are the two side of a coin because there is no reliability without validity. Presentation of validity will be good enough to reliability later. Patton (2002) says that ability and skill of the researcher in a qualitative research will have major influence on the validity and reliability. In addition reliability will depend on the respondents answer. Form instance, some informant will be reluctant to answer for some sort of question and sometimes they give sort of wrong or biased information. Therefore this will reduce the level of reliability of the study. I have planned to use a combination of qualitative methods to minimize the risk of bias. I will use both semi structured and direct observation to collect primary data. It helps me to crosscheck the data that I am going to collect in the field. I will keep my position as research student and try my best to convince my respondents. And also I will follow the ethical concept of conducting research. Further, snowball sampling method that I am going to use in this research will help me to get more correct or useful informant. This will increase validity and reliability of this research. Besides, there may be some kind of short comes in the date collection and interpretation. It is extremely not easy to avoid some unexpected incidents in the field. I as a researcher will try my best to keep validity and reliability of this research. Limitations Since Ecotourism and sustainable development is a broad topic, it is difficult to include all aspects. Therefore this research has been limited to identifying potential environmental, social and economical impacts of ecotourism and also, analyzing the potential of ecotourism as a strategy for local sustainable development. The study area has been limited to an Island to have in-depth study. Field work period is limited to two months. Researcher (me) may face some kind of language barrier in the field. Most of them speak Chinese. But there are people who speak either Tamil or English. Therefore, I hope that I would be able to manage it. Since the study area is very new for the researcher, it may consume few days to get familiar with the area and people. Reference Crang, M. (2002) Qualitative methods: the new orthodoxy? Progress in Human Geography 26, 5 pp. 647-655. Honey, M. (1999). Ecotourism and Sustainable Development: Who Owns Paradise? Washington, D.C.: Island Press. Kitchin, R. and Tate, N. J. (2000). Conducting Research in Human Geography: Theory, Methodology and Practice, Pearson Education Limited, Essex. Kvale, S. (1996). Interviews: An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing, Sage Publications, Lund. Legends of Ubin [Online]// Wildsingapore web site. 2003. 03 15, 2008. https://www.wildsingapore.com/ubin/places/geography.htm. Limb, M. and Dwyer, C. (2001). Qualitative Methodologies for Geographers: Issues and Debates. Oxford University Press, New York. Mikkelsen, B, (2005). Methods for Development Work and Research: A new guide for practitioners, SAGA Publications, New Delhi. Patton, M.Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.), Sage Publication, London. Paul Herbig, P( ?) CULTURE Influlences ON ECOTOURISM PARTICIPATION Marketing and the Environment Lecture Series Lecture 4: available at www.herbigandsons.com/lecture/Ecotourism.doc reviewed on 2008/04/21. Sharpley, R. (2003). Tourism: Tourists Society, ELM publication,Cambridgeshire. Smith, V. L., and Eadington, W. R. (ed) (1992). Tourism Alternatives: Potentials and Problems in the Development of Tourism, New York, John Wiley. The International Ecotourism Society, (2000) Ecotourism Statistical Fact Sheet, Journal of Travel Research. Available at https://www.ecotourism.org/WebModules/WebMember/MemberApplication/onlineLib/MemberApplication/onlineLib/Uploaded/Ecotourism%20Factsheet%202000.pdf reviewed on 2008/04/21. Weaver, D. B. (1999). Magnitude of Ecotourism in Costa Rica and Kenya, Annals of Tourism Research, 26(4), 792-816. Appendixes Appendix I Interview guide Individual Interview guide 01 Individual questions Your occupation? Your age? How long you are living in this area? What kind of economic benefits you gain from ecotourism in this island? What is your experience with ecotourism? Are you working in the tourism industry in this island? What economic activities are undertaken by your family members? What is your average income per month? How does ecotourism support you to improve standard of living? What is your perception on ecotourism in this island? General questions Is there any impact in this island due to ecotourism? Is there unemployment problem in this island? Could you observe any impacts on local employment in this island after set up ecotourism? How do the economic benefits from ecotourism support the services to the island? Most villagers are involved in which aspects of ecotourism? How do the villagers utilize their natural resources to support tourism? What are the local attitudes about sustainable ecotourism? What does the island still need to support sustainable ecotourism? How has the villagers quality of life been influenced by the advent of tourism? What are the negative impacts caused by tourism on the island? Key informant Interview guide 02 Individual questions When was these hotels established here? Why did you decide to establish ecotourism here? What is your experience with ecotourism? Have you observed any conflict related to community conservation? Do you think local people benefit from Ecotourism? How? General questions Who is the management authority? What is the source of funding for management of these hotels? What are the potential tourist attractions here? Where do visitors come from? International or local? What are the good and bad things about Ecotourism on the Pulau Ubin Island? Who is in charge of Ecotourism activities on the Pulau Ubin Island? What are the benefits and challenges about running ecotourism in this area? Does ecotourism contribute to the economic development on the Pulau Ubin Island? Does ecotourism contribute to conservation in the area? And How? What are the opportunities and constrains on livelihood or job in this area? What kind of challenges and opportunities are there in offering good services to the tourists? What types of outside influences are there in the ecotourism development? For instance political influence or public opinion on environment? Interview guide 03 For administrative officers What are the general objectives towards tourism? What are the specific objectives towards ecotourism development? What strategy (or policy) exists for ecotourism development in the Island? What legal documents exist to regulate tourism/ecotourism activities in the Island? What are the specific rules and regulations in these documents for tourism and ecotourism activities? What monitoring mechanisms have been put in place to monitor ecotourism development? What benefits have been realized in terms of ecotourism revenue (e.g. employment, conservation, services, other) for community development? What measures have been put in place to ensure that the local heritage is not threatened by the development of ecotourism in the area? Who are the major stakeholders involved in the management of the ecotourism in Pulau Ubin Island? What challenges have been faced with regard to ecotourism development in Pulau Ubin Island? What are the major constraints that inhibit ecotourism development in Pulau Ubin Island? What opportunities exist for ecotourism development in Pulau Ubin Island? What future plans exist for ecotourism development in this area? Interview guide for Tourist What are your motivations for visiting to this island? What did you like most during your stay on this island? What did you dislike about the stay here? What kind of gifts, souvenirs and services would you like to have available? What are you expectations from the trips to the island? Which elements of sustainable ecotourism do you believe the Island best meets? How did you travel to the area? What is your length of stay in this island? Number of people in your travel party to the island? How did you learn about the island ecotourism? Where are you from? What is your occupation? Who much money you are going to spend during your stay here? Age? Do you think you will travel to this island again? Do you have any other suggestion and comments of your visit? What do you think about ecotourism on the island? What are good things and bad things about ecotourism on the Pulau Ubin Island? Appendix II Work plan of report writing NO Program May 2008 June July August September October November December January February March April May June 2009 1. Proposal preparation X 2. Field work X X X 3. Literature review X X X X X X X 4. Writing outline X X 5. Organizing information X X 6. Analyzing X X X X 7. Organizing the report X X 8. First drat of the thesis X 9. Second draft of the thesis X 10. Finalizing the report X X 11. Submission of the report X 12. Preparation for viva X X

Advertisements Advantages and Disadvantages - 756 Words

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of advertisements. Advertising is a communication whose purpose is to inform potential customers about various products and services and how to obtain and use them. Advertising is a multi-billion dollar business and its messages are conveyed to the farthest places on Earth. It uses every major medium to deliver these messages including television, movies, newspapers, radio, magazines, video games, the internet and billboards. Most advertisements are often placed by an advertising agency on behalf of a company. An advertisement is a product and like every other product in the world, it has its pros and cons. Advertisements are used to sell products. Businesses advertise their products to†¦show more content†¦This ability of advertisements to make people do something can also be a disadvantage. Advertisements can sometimes be so persuasive as to make the viewers buy something that they may not actually need or may in fact be harmful to them. 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Slip or Trip Essay English Free Essays

On August 13, 2013, at approximately 1:37 A. M. , Sparks police department received a call that an accidental death has occurred. We will write a custom essay sample on Slip or Trip Essay English or any similar topic only for you Order Now Queenie Volupides, the wife of the deceased Arthur Volupides, claims that her husband slipped and fell on the stairs while he was coming down to the kitchen for another alcoholic beverage. She says that she wasn’t home when the incident occurred. She states that she was at a country club that was hosting a party and that when she arrived home (at approx 1:15 A. M. ) she found him lying on the stairs dead. However, the crime scene shows many inconsistencies within Queenie’s Story. Deputy Blank arrived on the scene at around 2:15 A. M, responding to Volupides 911 call. After viewing he crime scene, Deputy Blank noticed that in Arthur’s left hand there was an unbroken glass (presumably what he was drinking alcohol in). This raises many suspicions. If Arthur had tripped and fell down the stairs, then the glass shouldn’t be in his hand unbroken but instead somewhere in the vicinity of his body shattered. This is because, usually, when somebody is falling down the stairs they will drop whatever is in their hands to try to grab a rail or really anything to try to regain balance. Also, the glass was found in his left hand and when somebody is intoxicated, they can barley stand let alone attempt to hold a glass in their non-dominant hand. Also, Deputy Blank noticed that Queenie had been cooking something when officers arrived. While she was expecting guests, the body of Arthur was just feet away from the stove. Most people would have noticed the dead body and called the police right away. Responding officers have theorized that the pan she was cooking in is the murder weapon. Upon further inspection, Blank also realized that Arthur was still in his formal suit when he was killed. When Questioning Queenie about this she says that he was supposed to go to the party with her but before she left they had gotten into a fight. That explains why he had gotten into his suit but yet still doesn’t explain why he had stayed in his suit. If Arthur had been home for more than ten minutes, then he probably would have taken off at least his shoes, robe, and tie. Suspicious where near confirmed when Arthur’s autopsy came back. It did confirm that Arthur had had a high blood alcohol level. It also concluded that he had died from a wound on his head. If Arthur had really fallen down that flight of stairs then there would have been more injuries than that of the wound on this head. Maybe if he had a broken bone or was bruised then Queenie’sâ€Å" falling down the stairs† story might have been believable. Our recommendation is that Queenie Volupides is charged with Arthur Volupides Homicide. How to cite Slip or Trip Essay English, Essays

Contemporary Accounting Research for Investment- MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theContemporary Accounting Research for Investment. Answer: Introduction Pressure from the client on the auditor is very much common .The concept of explicit pressure on the auditor from the client, is very much prominent and provides a brief look out in the overall image of management of client, where the client tries to intimidate the auditors, the client threatens the auditor that they will terminate their relationship. It is very much prominent that client can bring pressure without any intimidation. Such threats are generally not part of any client auditor relationship. For example, that the clients can insist on asserting lenient in one period of accounting by the auditor, and stating that the auditor will have higher fees if in the future the auditor is ready to assert such lenienacncy. In cases where the auditor feels that his professional judgement is being directly challenged by a client, and his independence is at stake, he can take resort to professional standards to provide him guidelines on how to take charge of the situation and also how to ensure the required level of sceptics. The standards provide the required amount of guidance on how the auditor should behave when the client engages in such type of activity of putting explicit pressure on the auditor not allowing him to do his duty. The client managers can also try to influence the decision of the auditor based on the fact as to how the overall interests of the auditor are aligned with that of the client, and how the auditor should follow what the management is telling him to do, if he wants to excel in this field. The client can put a pressure on the auditor to go as the management is telling so that there is a win-win situation for both. If the auditor does as the client is saying, the audit firm will have a profitable relationship with the management in the future. The aim of the client is to raise awareness among the auditor regarding the profitable relationship both the parties can share if one goes with the other. It should be the overall goals of the audit or to go in the direction of what the client is telling him to do and not go against it, if he wants to gain anything from the client in the future. Thats the kind of explicit pressure that is asserted by the client on the auditor. (Felix, W. L., Grambling, A. A., Mayetta, M. J. (2005). In case of asserting implicit pressure the client may ask the auditor to make adjustments as he feels like in the light of various profitable decisions made by him. Next the audit firm will work for the client based on the kind of work that the impression that the auditor forms of the client, that is the kind of implicit pressure faced by the auditor on the light of his duties. On one hand the auditor has to do what the client is telling, on the other hand the audit firm has its owns set of rules and regulations that the auditor is required to follow. The auditor will be required to do something so that he can ease out all the pressure that is being exerted on him and can take steps to nullify the same. Implicit pressures are not bluntly stated by the client, but are somewhere or the other implied in their system. In case of explicit pressure the client states as and what he wants the auditor to do, and the auditor has to do the same. That is one of the major differences between the implicit and explicit type of client pressure. (Kennard, W. N., Link, M. M., Worrall, E. M. (1997). It is true that there are so many threats to the auditors independence and it may not be possible for him to work in the best of his ability , but thats where the auditor need to follow his code of ethics and do his job to the best of his ability . The auditor should not give to the pressure that the clients exert on him. It totally depends on the willingness of the auditor to accept what the client is saying him to do, and the level of changes that he do depending on the demand of the client. The stand of the auditor plays a major part on the overall pressure that it faces internally externally in his work. The auditor should see that there must not be any breach of his code of conduct ,and in case the client is not ready to lessen the pressure he should modify the audit report and comment on the same accordingly. (Knapp, M. C. (1985). Audit conflict: ) References The influence of non-audit service revenues and client pressure on external auditors' decisions to rely on internal audit.Contemporary Accounting Research,22(1), 31-53. Audit conflict: An empirical study of the perceived ability of auditors to resist management pressure.Accounting Review, 202-211. Client pressure in the commercial appraisal industry: how prevalent is it?.Journal of Property Valuation and Investment,15(3), 233-244.