Private tuition should be banned Essay

Our educational system is made in such a way that it favours the elite. The elites are rewarded by a laureate system that put emphasis on the results obtained by simple intelligence tests. The ‘classes’ are rewarded by scholarships. No wonder that from such a system, children also come out of primary education without knowing to write or read. That’s because our eyes are always focused on the top rather than the bottom. Based on this system, what is left for parents to ensure that their ward gets the eye rather than trailing at the bottom? They are forced to find the best for their children. The best should have been coming from the schooling system and teachers of an institution but somehow or the other; some have found a way of perverting the system. Some have found a way of making it a lucrative business by purposely creating a lack of knowledge in class so that what is missing is covered in tuitions. No wonder teachers are fighting so that the system remains the same. For example, no extension of class hours in the afternoon, no reduction of school holidays because, according to them, the children need to recuperate to enjoy their holidays, but to others, there is a need to cram up the students more during holidays to justify the wages obtained from it. Let us now look at the abuses. Tuition may lead to too much of pampering and may kill the self effort of the student. The student would not touch the book unless the tuition master turns up. Instead of his working and learning on his own he becomes so dependant on the tuition master that ultimately the gain would be perceptibly nil. There are also pupils adopting devious means through the tuition masters to get a pass. The poor tuition master makes himself cheap and worries more about the promotion of his ward than about his own children. Often, it is not uncommon to see a boy having more than one tuition master for each one of his subjects. Because he pays for the tuition, he looks down upon the poor teacher who is likely to lose his dignity. The Minister is trying to put a brake to this system but is he going to succeed? No way, as the demand is such that the pressure will come from parents and not from the teachers. But then, one may ask, so what do we do? Well, give equal opportunities to all children to attend 2 to 3 years of pre-primary education. Then we also have to get rid of this elitist system, where the best are rewarded at all levels of education. Oh, some will say that our elite will disappear. No the best will always remain the best  whether they are rewarded or not, because their motivation are intrinsic. But who is going to take the risk of breaking that system that has created such a lot of harm to our children and to society? Will the Minister take of the risk of doing it? Will his Political party take the risk? If not, then why all this hypocrisy about abolition of private tuition? In order to avoid the evils of private tuition, educational institutions themselves may arrange tutorial classes. If the regular teachers cannot attend to the tutorials special tutors may be appointed to attend to very small groups of needy students. Such contacts may help build confidence in the student. Such tutorial classes may be complementary as well as supplementary. The tutorial system when properly organised will go a long way to improve the efficiency of the student.

Personal Statement: Who Am I?

Olivia in the dictionary, and you might find; noun, a female given name. From the Latin word olive. But this name doesn't define me. I could also tell you all the things I do; school, yearbook, HOSE President & Treasurer, but those don't define me either. I ask myself simple questions to find out who I really Am I the leader of a crowd, or a background follower? Do I direct groups or do I get directed? Am I the thinker or do I let others think for me? Am I part of the in- rood, or am I an outsider looking in?Who truly am l? To find the answer I look deep inside myself and discovered the truth. I am a uniquely defined Individual. I don't go to parties every weekend nor do I consider myself as weak minded. I am simply neutral in the world. I have friends of both sides of the spectrum and I feel free to talk to whomever I want regardless of what others around me think. I am bossy, and I personally hate people telling me what to do, I am a natural fighter. I fight for what I think Is rig ht, some may call me obelisks, but I keep the respect between adults and myself.The activities I listed above Just show that I am a hardworking-dedicated individual who doesn't quit at the first sign of trouble. I don't let the teacher who constantly looses my homework get me down; I Just work extra hard and redo all the work required of me. I am simply Olivia, and no one can take that away. People may tear me down emotionally but mentally I am stronger than anyone can Imagine. I am the girl defined by no one but her own standards, standards that continue to grow thicker every day.

Literature in Question

The outsider, written by Albert Camus and Perfumer by Patrick Suskind are two books that have addressed critically the concept of rationality and absurdity. The protagonist in the outsider is a controversial one, since he apparently does not have feelings even to his own mother. He goes undeterred even with her mother’s death. He does not care about Marie- his girl friend- and even God. He wonders why the priest worries himself by visiting him. In a way he has created a world that he himself can understand.   It is absurd that Meursault’s inability to lie and his insensitivity make the authority to perceive him as a threat. The concept of reason for any action he does is irrelevant. It is in this breath that the author of The Outsider perhaps wants the readers to believe that it is not always that we have emotions that we ought to have had. And sometimes we play up an emotion that was expected to exist but in actual sense the emotion did not exist within us. It is to this effect that Mersault’s only acknowledgement of life is tangible, physical things rather than corruptible emotion. He is, in this case, a model in which the author shows the principle of existentialism where individuals have full responsibility for creating the meaning of their own lives. He does not need to rationally think with the rest of the society. Camus becomes an existentialist in this case by showing that conscious human beings will always find in themselves a world of their own. Existentialists believe that the ultimate and unquestionable is not reality, is not thinking consciousness but being in the world. Mersault is just in the world. In fact no one- even the society- can give a reason for Meursault to be in the world.   He does not need a justification to exist in the world. Camus wants to show us that a person cannot go against the society and the majority, be it good or bad, will always win; this is shown by the change of attitude by Mersault at the end of the novel. At this point the society has won by converting Meursault to its side but still there is no justification in the way the society perceives what transpires in Mersault’s life. He has got the right to think the way he thinks and do whatever he does. The book focuses on absurdity of life and death, as well as the society. It is in this sense that Camus expounds on the theme of existentialism and rationalism. He addresses the concept of subjectivity, individual freedom and choice, where life becomes a choice. Mersault’s behaviours might be attributed to his choice in life rather than subjecting it to societal conventional reasoning. For him, apparently, rationalism is relative and depends on individual. He does not even succumb to the mercies offered by the priest while he awaits his execution. It is the choice of an individual to choose to believe in God or not; he has chosen not to believe and even death does not give him a reason to believe in God. Meursault does not seem to care whether he lives or dies- he is not remorseful even at a time he could be seeking repentance; all seems to be absurd and vanity to him. Mersault emotions are at most of the time switched off, which makes him possible to be an observer of his own life – watching it as an outsider. Camus writes the book in the first person so that the main character describes everything that happens to him in a very elaborate way but does not talk about his sentiments. The writer creates a cathartic effect by making the reader put himself in the position of the main character, yet at the same time creates a disturbing effect increased by the recurring deaths. (Three deaths in the book includes that of the mother, climax produces the Arab man’s death, then Meursault execution.) The character starts showing emotions at the end- by recognizing his love for his girlfriend Marie. This gives a new lease in Mersault’s life. He, at least, though late, revives his emotions, changes his attitude and has a reason to live. The societal absurdity wins over Mersault; he has conformed to the societal norms- which include showing emotion. At this point, Camus shows that regardless of someone’s stand, life is paramount beyond reason and rationalism. By referring to his past regarding how he gave up after having given up ambitions when he was a student. This reflection of the past shows that at a point Mersault did everything as per societal expectation but later realized the need for being who he was regardless of what the society would think of him-he could not figure out why he ought to do things to the societal satisfaction and not for his own satisfaction. Patrick Suskind, on the other hand brings out the issue of absurdity in his novel Perfume by showing how Jean Baptiste Grenoulle engages in his great passion-in his sense of smell leading him to become a murderer. Jean-Baptiste Grenoulle born with one uplifting gift of smell; and this being a gift that nothing can be done to stop-we as readers are left doubting if we have to blame him for the iniquities that come along with the gift.   The fact that he survives his birth by default complements this. The reader asks himself if indeed fate has destiny.   His identification of his gift to isolate every kind of smell is also an important aspect that comes in his infancy. It is irrational for the society to isolate an innocent person because of an inherent, unique gift. For Grenoulle, he needed not to persuade the society to like him because all he got was an inborn gift. It is absurd how people in the society tend to give reasons as to why the society has to like them instead of living their own lives. He is rejected by the society, grows up in an orphanage, unloved and malnourished.   If indeed rationalism was to be applied in this case, no substantial reason can be given for the tribulations that Grenoulle undergoes. It is equally irrational for the society to treat him the way it does instead of sympathising with him and according him a chance to exploit his gift. Isolation from the society is the reason for him developing disgust for fellow humans and hence distinguishing himself by the uncanny sense of smell. It is amazing how he even uses his gift to find the beautiful girl. He could not believe his nose and was threatened that the nice smell was from human race, which he had come to despise. It is quite paradoxical that he hates human race which he is part of. It is due to the absurd situation he finds himself in and with the intention of preserving his sense of scent he kills the beautiful girl. This shows his effort to find meaning to the universe and of course a place since, humans to him, are a threat. Though tortured by the scent he continues to search the scent and this keeps his survival going- a weird way and reason to survive. This scenario creates an absurd and irrational situation whereby Grenoulle is sandwiched between the nice smell and the repugnance of human beings. He develops an even greater disgust for human as he goes through the journey in the forest to the extent of being repulsed by the scent of human of human existence. It is quite irrational and absurd how the greed to find this perfect scent drives Grenoulle into the forest. He lives for seven years in a dark cave where he was intoxicated by smells he preserves in his internal   ‘palace of smells’ His high aptitude for mixing strange and exotic perfumes would be an asset in the rational world but instead, in his apparently irrational way, he takes responsibility for creating the meaning of his own life. The skill and gift leads him to his desire to cover his own lack of smell and quest to create the most unique perfume the world has ever known.   This in essence explains the passion the protagonist lives for- creating most unique perfume- but unfortunately, a human being has to be killed for the perfume to be made. It is absurd that this passion supersedes even the life of humans. To the society, Grenoulle’s acts are unacceptable but then when he is supposed to be executed the same society becomes remorseful and throws his deeds to the dogs in the expense of the perfume. It is equally illogical or irrational for Grenoulle to be engulfed with the power of dissatisfaction because the society does not love him but his perfume; he instead ought to be celebrating! Patrick Suskind has succeeded to show that it is not right to judge individuals in the society and yet the society itself is irrational in its thinking.   Grenoulle’s situation is inexplicable to the society but he has all the justification as to do what he does. He tries to find meaning in the universe but fails. It is absurd that he becomes a murderer from being a scent smeller. He does not comprehend why he should not act in the case where his reason, his power of reflection tells him. He is being only himself by doing all he does; after all it is the same society that made him who he is by isolating him. In deed he uses his power of following his favorite scent only to find out that it is for human beings who he loathes and kills them one by one, eventually turning out to be a dangerous murderer.   This complements the fact that life is more than the rational thinking. This in essence is a case where man has chosen to embrace his absurd condition instead of following the rational thinking of the society. The protagonists in the two novels evidently show that man’s freedom and the opportunity to give life meaning lies in the acknowledgement and acceptance of absurdity. The freedom of man is therefore established in man’s natural ability and opportunity to create his own meaning and purpose. Mersault and Grenoulle, both create a world of their own and a purpose to live in it. The individual becomes the most precious unit of existence, as he represents unique ideals that can be characterized as an entire universe by itself. The two writers have succeeded in bringing out the principles of absurdism, rationalism and existentialism. They have managed to create characters that have stood out of the society by defying the societal norms. These characters enable the readers elicit some crucial questions on about their existence.   The writers manage to bring out the irrational way the society thinks of individuals who are only but living their lives. The rejection of reason as a source of meaning dominates the two works by focusing on the feelings of fear and dread -by the protagonists- that are felt in their own radical freedom and their awareness of death. The writers succeed in showing that indeed human counter their fear of being in the world by believing that they are rational and everyone else is; they do not have the anything to fear and no reason to feel anxious about being free. They make the reader to view human beings as subjects in an indifferent, objective, often ambiguous and absurd world, in which meaning is not provided by the natural order, but rather created by human being actions and interpretations. Reference Camus, A. (1983) The Outsider. Berkshire: Penguin Books Coleburt, R (1968) An Introduction to Western Philosophy. New York: Sheed & Ward Jean, P (1946) Existentialism is Humanism. London: Routledge Soren, K (1849) The Point of View of my Work as an Author. Journal [27, 1849] Suskind, P. (1985) Perfume. Berkshire: Penguin Books   

The Corporate Giant WorldCom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Corporate Giant WorldCom - Essay Example As the E/R ratio imbalance kept increasing, the managers sought to cook the books so as to prevent investors and government from getting the consistent results. 1. Case Summary WorldCom, the Nation’s second largest long-distance Telecommunications Company filed for bankruptcy protection on July 21st, 2002 revealing that it had overstated earnings in 2001 and the first quarter of 2002 by more than $3.8 billion. Further on August 8th of the same year the company again admitted that it had maneuvered its reserve accounts also affecting another 3.8billion. Substantial accounting fraud was charged against the firm by the US Securities and Exchange Commission. The actual cause of the corporate failure lies with the enormous oversupply that could be attributed to excessively optimistic projections of Internet growth. Evidently, the company’s projections on expense-revenue ratio flawed as â€Å"the industry conditions began to deteriorate in 2000 due to heightened competition, overcapacity, and the reduced demand for telecommunications services at the onset of the economic recession† (Kaplan & Kiron, 2007). Subsequently, the stock market value of the firms in the telecommunication industry plunged and people at the WorldCom’s helm of affairs intervened in the accounting practices to conceal the actual trouble from the public. In short, what they did was that they transferred a considerable part of current expense to a capital account as the capitalized cost would normally be considered an investment. 2. What were the pressures that led executives and managers to â€Å"cook the books?† Evidently, the company struggled to maintain its E/R ratio since the first quarter of 2000 ‘while facing revenue and pricing pressures and its high committed line costs’ (Kaplan & Kiron, 2007). WorldCom had to spend beyond its capacity due to unnecessary acquisitions of other firms. In order to overweigh the short term loss, managers were as ked to spend exceedingly so as to raise immediate revenue. There was incessant pressure from the top. For instance, CFO Sullivan directly insisted Myers and Yates carry out his plans. And on the bottom line, individuals like Betty were forced to partake in accrual releases and capitalization of line costs. These were the situations in brief that made executives and managers to â€Å"cook the books. 3. Why were the actions taken by WorldCom managers not detected earlier? What processes or systems should be in place to prevent or detect quickly the types of actions that occurred in WorldCom? The company officials could qualify a considerable amount of costs as an investment in 2001 and the first quarter of 2002, and this could have allowed the company to spread the costs to subsequent years if Cooper had not come across the issue. Obviously, the incident indicates the prevailing pitfall in the US corporate governance. Evidently, audit firms have to make strategic amendments to their processes and procedures to detect frauds and errors in the account books of the client on time. WorldCom was indirectly supported by the Andersen accounting firm, who ignored the fact that the organization’s practices were apparently unethical. Only government can safeguard the interests of its citizens against unscrupulous business practices. Likewise, various service institutions particularly that of banking and accounting must keep themselves reliable and sustainable to prevent this kind of fraud in future.  

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Economics 4 - Essay Example The context of this study is to address the following issues: The country identified for possible expansion of Country A in Asia is South Korea because this country has established relations with the United States, the home country of County A. South Korea also imports machinery and equipment from the United States and exports motor vehicles to the same country. As such, it is assumed that there will be a need for the product of Country A by Korean manufacturers. Company A should take cognizance of the cultural issues in South Korea in designing its marketing strategy of doing business in Korea. According to World business culture.com, it is very important to keep in mind that the quality of developed relations is the key to the success in dealing business in South Korea and it is developed by knowing the following cultural issues: South Koreans observe hierarchical business structure that recognizes major decisions coming from the top and transmitted down for implementation. Company A will find that much of the companies in South Korea are family-run companies wherein much of the power and ownership is with the founder’s family. Aside from the formal hierarchy, Koreans also gives importance to informal hierarchy based on personal and loyalty relations. Thus, Company A should know somebody or need a referral to establish business conncectons. Korean approach of management is holistic such that they take care of the well-being of their employees including their personal life. Initial meetings with Koreans should be polite and intended only for relation building, and most of all, do not show impatience during meetings. Koreans are particular about respect so that the delegation should be balanced, a senior officer should also meet a senior officer. (Worldbusiness.com) Company A’s vision is to double its size within the next four years. The marketing strategy identified to support this vision is to expand business in Asia. Tactics in doing

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Research Paper Questionaire - Essay Example For example, Jacob, the man chosen by God to be the patriarch of the twelve tribes of Israel, is also a weak, flawed human being who stole his brother Esau’s birthright and his blessing from Isaac. David was a great king who was a recipient of God’s blessings, yet he lusted after Bathsheba, the wife of one of his noble soldiers, sending the man to his death to possess Bathsheba. Chagall’s paintings are essentially reflections on such human themes inherent in the Old Testament, the moments of human triumph and sorrow as reflected in this book. His paintings are significant in their focus upon human interaction with God, and man’s constant struggle to attain to the greatness that God tries to provide him. The significance of this study is its presentation of an age old conflict between man’s weakness and his quest to attain God. 3. This theme of the constant struggle of man to overcome his own weaknesses and strive to attain the greatness that God can provide, is a recurrent theme in man’s life even in the present day. God constantly reaches out to man and his chosen agents of greatness are not without flaws themselves. 4. One of Chagall’s Bible etchings is titled â€Å"David and Absalom†, is drawn from the Book of Samuel (2 Samuel 14:33). This etching represents David receiving his son Absalom back from his exile in Gerar for the murder of his half brother Amnon. This etching demonstrates David’s deep love for his son: â€Å"and the king kissed Absalom† - yet this son later tries to turn Israel against his father. David’s weakness and sin in killing Uriah and taking his wife Bathsheba as his own produces ramifications in David’s life, which reflect how the greatness that God tries to instill in David is hindered by the man’s weakness in lusting after Bathsheba. Yet, despite this son, God blesses David and Bathsheba’s son Solomon and makes him the wisest king of all. 5. This complex ongoing

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Evaluation of Starbucks Dilemmas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

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Commentaries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Industrial revoloution Essay Example for Free

Industrial revoloution Essay How bad were the living conditions for the poor in the newly industrialised towns and cities of the 1840s In the 1840s, there was a lot of pollution, and there was little regulation of what was put into the river or the air. The houses for 1840s workers were built very poorly. They were usually made by the factory owners at minimum cost. They were made either one brick, or half a brick thick, and only consisted of one room. There were no indoor lavatories, therefore the workers were left with only two ways to go to the toilet. The first way was to walk up the road and use the toilets at either end of the blocks. Once there they would deposit their body waste into the cess pool via a wooden bench. Flies lived on the walls of the cess pool. They were nourished by the molecules of excretion in the air. There toilets would be shared by as many as 160 people, sometimes more. The cess pool would empty itself into the river, but sometimes market gardeners who would go down into the cess pit to use the filth inside as fertiliser for their garden. Occasionally, young children would drop into the cess pit, never to be seen again. The second way of going to the toilet was to simply do it out of a window. The body waste which was left on the streets was called night mud. Sometimes when it rained, the night mud would slip underneath your door and end up in your house. Sometimes the night mud would be placed in your house on purpose by people being malicious. People did not have the type of water supply we have today. They did not have instant running water in their houses, instead they had to collect their water from standpipes in the street. These standpipes had clean water which could be pumped out, as it wasnt safe to drink from the river, but water only came to a street, via these standpipes, every other day. Yet, there were also water seller who would sell bottles of supposedly, clean water, although no one ever found out where the water came from. People in the 1840s were afraid to leave their houses for an extended period  of time. The reason for this is that as soon as you leave you house for over a day, it would be used as a toilet. This meant that people who got new jobs in factories would have to clean out there new houses of all of the muck left there by their fellow workers. In the 1840s, living conditions were much worse than nowadays, due to the lack of both appropriate sanitary provisions and constant running water, but people of 1840s would have found those conditions normal. What we think of as clean would have probably been considered impossible in those days.

Plagarism in schools Essay Example for Free

Plagarism in schools Essay The term ‘plagiarism’ comes from the Latin word meaning ‘kidnapping’.   It is form of academic dishonesty in which one person passes on another persons work, words and ideas as own.   Several universities and schools do not allow plagiarism of any sort.   Some of the educational institutions often term plagiarism as the worst form of academic dishonesty.   They prefer their students to research and use resources in an appropriate manner and also express their own ideas and views.   Children often find it difficult to understand what plagiarism is.    A student may often use plagiarism in order to compete with others in the same grade.   Plagiarism also puts on extra pressure on the teachers, professors and the lecturers in detecting this serious form of dishonesty and taking action against such students (Nagy, 2004, Dowshen, 2005). In a study conducted by Duke University in several parts of the US, it was found that about 75 % of the students indulged in some form of plagiarism.   About 33 % of the students admitted that they plagiarized to a severe extent.   In another survey, about 72 % of the students admitted that they plagiarized to serious extents when given home assignments.   In another study conducted in High School American students in 1998, 80 % admitted that they plagiarized in some form of the other, and only on 5 % of the occasions were they caught for it (Nagy, 2004). The teachers also do consider that the students frequently indulge in plagiarism.   Teachers consider the advent of the internet as a major factor for helping to plagiarize their homework.   About 58 % of the teachers consider plagiarism to be an academic issue and about 28 % of them consider that more than 50 % of the students plagiarize their homework.   Teachers consider plagiarism to be particular difficult to detect in certain cases and also to be time-consuming (ATL, 2008). In certain occasions plagiarism can be unintentional.   It is important for the student to quote the references in all cases and to express the ideas and argument in the own words.   The students should also express their ideas in the specific area.   Paraphrasing is one way of avoiding plagiarism, but use of individual ideas needs to be incorporated.   Other people’s words and sentences needs to be clearly quoted.   The individual’s own ideas can be supported by another person’s views mentioned in the texts.   Information taken from several sources and framed using skill and creativity to compile a datasheet cannot be considered as plagiarism (University of Queensland, 2007 BBC, 2008). References: Association of Teachers Lecturers (2008). â€Å"School work plagued by plagiarism ATL survey.† Retrieved on 2008, March 13, from ATL Web site: http://www.atl.org.uk/atl_en/news/Media_office/releases/plagiarism.asp BBC (2007). â€Å"Exploring and Deterring Plagiarism in Schools.† Retrieved on 2008, March 13, from BBC Web site: http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/actionnetwork/F1635812?thread=3606871 Dowshen, S. (1995). â€Å"What is Plagiarism?† Retrieved on 2008, March 13, from Kidshealth Web site: http://www.kidshealth.org/kid/feeling/school/plagiarism.html Nagy, C. (2004). â€Å"Dealing with High School Plagiarism.† Retrieved on 2008, March 13, from New Foundations Web site: http://www.newfoundations.com/ETHICPROP/Nagy718F04.html The University of Queensland, Australia (2007). â€Å"What is Plagiarism?† Retrieved on 2008, March 13, from University of Queensland Web site: http://www.library.uq.edu.au/training/plagiarism.html

Histomorphometeric Study of Lymphoid Nodules of Vermiform

Histomorphometeric Study of Lymphoid Nodules of Vermiform ABSTRACT Objective: To study the lymphoid tissues of vermiform Appendix at various age groups to establish that appendix is an important organ of gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and its role in etiology of acute appendicitis. Study Design: Comparative study Place and duration: The study was conducted at Islamic International Medical College Rawalpindi from July 2011 to June 2013. Materials and Methods: Four age groups spacing 15 years between each group, except last group (advanced age) which had no limit because of less availability of the specimens, were made. In each group histological sections of 10 normal looking surgically amputated vermiform appendices were included. The parameters including number of lymphoid nodules and diameter of lymphoid nodules measured under the microscope. Results: There was gradual decrease of mean number of lymphoid nodules with advancing age but even at the age of 74 few numbers of lymphoid nodules were observed. There was great variation of diameter of lymphoid nodule at different age groups but at advanced age it was much decreased. Conclusion: The lymphoid nodules decreased with advancing age but these were present even at the age of 74 years. The diameters of lymphoid nodules are remarkable except at advanced age. Key words: Vermiform appendix, lymphoid nodule, Microscope. Introduction The clinical presentations associated with this blind ending tube (vermiform appendix) are so many and diverse that many lives have been lost in the past either due to misdiagnosis, mismanagement or complications associated with it. The appendix length varies from 2 to 20 cm with an average of 9 cm.1 The variable number of lymphoid nodules located in the lamina propria extending to sub-mucosa, are arranged circumferentially around the lumen of the appendix. The crypts of Lieberkuhn are absent between epithelial lining and lymphoid nodules at places where the lymphoid nodules are close to epithelial lining. Zahid A. observed that the vermiform appendix is an important component of mammalian mucosal immune function, particularly B-lymphocyte-mediated immune responses and T-lymphocytes derived extra-thymically and it is also suggested that vermiform appendix is not a vestigial organ.2 The normal function of appendix probably helps to promote local immunity.3 The appendix contains both isolated and aggregated lymphoid follicles and it is a part of gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT).4 The irregularity of the lumen of vermiform appendix is due to mucosal folds which appear due to lymphoid follicles.5 The lymphoid nodules appear in the vermiform appendix about two weeks after birth6. In full term human fetus there is no obvious lymphoid tissue seen in the vermiform appendix but two well organized lymphoid nodules are observed within first two weeks and about 10-12 well organized and prominent lymphoid nodules are visible in transverse section of vermiform appendix of man of thirty two weeks old.7 As the age advances, the weight of the appendix decreases because number and size of lymphoid nodules reduces. In or near appendix, in any pathology, the primary and secondary immune response is high in young age. Materials and Methods This study was conducted at Islamic International Medical College Rawalpindi from July 2011 to June 2013. In this study, a total of 40 normally looking surgically amputated vermiform appendix specimens were included. According to age, these specimens were divided into four equal groups. Each group consists of 10 specimens with spacing of 15 years between each group except the last group. Due to less availability of appendices, the last group ranges from 46-74 years. The groups were as follow: Group A: 0- 15 years Group B: 16-30 years Group C: 31-45 years Group D: 46-74 years The 5 micrometer thickness sectioning of tissue blocks with microtome made. The specimens stained with Haemotoxylin and Eosin. Only the results of middle part of the vermiform appendix are included in this study. The histological slides were examined under the light microscope after calibration of ocular micrometer. Procedure for measurement of the diameter of the lymphoid follicle The measurements were taken twice for each nodules, one was taken among the maximum transverse diameter and another at perpendicular to the first one. Then the number of micrometer divisions were multiplied by the correlation factor derived earlier keeping the magnification constant. Diameter of the lymphoid follicle was calculated as: Maximum transverse Diameter + Perpendicular diameter Diameter of lymphoid follicle = 2 By using the above formula the diameter of all lymphoid nodules of each slide were measured and then mean diameter of each slide calculated. Then the mean diameter of each group calculated as shown in the tables. Discussion At different age groups, the microanatomy of appendix is variable. The lumen size and wall thickness depends on number and diameter of lymphoid nodules. There are large numbers of lymphoid nodules in the vermiform appendix and it is a part of Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT). It is proposed by Zahid A. that appendix perform to train immune system of the body for production of antibodies when exposed to antigen and also play a role in foetal development by manufacturing hormones.2 In this study, the highest number of lymphoid nodules (10.3) is in the group B (16- 30 years) and the lowest number of lymphoid nodules (3.8) is in the group D (46-74 years). In a Bangladesh study8, the highest number of lymphoid follicles was in age group up to 20 years and lowest in age group between 56-70 years and similarly the diameter of lymphoid follicles is highest in age group up to 20 years and lowest in age group of 56-70 years but the age grouping was somewhat different from our study. In another study, the highest average diameter of lymphoid follicles was found in group 0-20 years and lowest average diameter was found above 50 years age.9 The above referred study agreed with Borley5 and Arey.10 In another Bangladesh study11 the mean numbers of lymphoid nodules are less than half of our study. In old age, the numbers of the lymphoid nodules are reduced and these are replaced by fibrous tissue.11,12 It is observed in our study, that although the mean number of lymphoid nodules is lowest (3.8) in group D (45-74Years) but even at the ages of 60 years, 63 years, and 65 years, the number of lymphoid nodules are equivalent to some specimens of group A, B, and C. Even at the age of 74 years three lymphoid nodules were found. Although the lymphoid nodules and other structures in the wall of appendix are replaced by fibrous tissue in old age but normally it is also observed in many adults13. The germinal centers in most of the lymphoid nodules of human appendix are present in the children up to16 years of age but the number of germinal centers are less in adults and they are absent in the nodules in old age persons.14 In our study the germinal centers were not explored. Like the vermiform appendix, the Peyer’s patches (Lymphoid nodules) which are concentrated at distal 25cm of ileum are more numerous in young adults and they become less prominent as age advances.15, 16 Conclusion The lymphoid nodules decreased with advancing age but these were present even at the age of 74 years. The diameters of lymphoid nodules are remarkable except at advanced age. Ann. Pak. Inst. Med. Sci. 2014; 10(3): 161-1641

To the Editor :: Weapons Mass Destruction War Essays

To the Editor There is [I1] no proof of weapons of weapons of mass destruction, and little substantial evidence that Saddam Hussein Supported Al Qaeda. For the last year and one half, George W. Bush and his administration have told us about Iraq’s vast production of biological weapons and how Iraq was supporting Al Qaeda, but where’s the proof. [I2] The two main reasons the United States invaded Iraq were because, of stock piles of weapons and Saddam Hussein's link to Al Qaeda . Let’s start with the weapons of mass destruction. There were [I3] several satellite photos showing buildings that were suspected to be making chemicals for germ warfare and other various chemical weapons. These photos show only buildings and no other proof that Iraq was making these bombs. The U.S. still had the United Nations weapons inspectors investigate these findings and report them to the Security Council. The U.N.’s Chief weapons inspector Hans Blix Reported there was not significant evidence from ariel photos to prove there were any chemical weapons. Hans Blix said himself, â€Å"If I had solid evidence that Iraq retained weapons of mass destruction or were constructing such weapons I would have taken it to the Security Council.† Shortly after these findings were reported, President Bush prepared a speech accusing Baghdad of building such weapons. This shows before the U.S. even went to war in Iraq , there was little to no evidence to i nvade Iraq, at least because of weapons of mass destruction. [I4] To this date, the U.S. has not found any substantial evidence to support it’s [I5] actions in Iraq. In April of 2003 shortly after the invasion started, semi trailers were seized near Baghdad. The trailers were suspected to be portable labs to produce biological warfare agents. The trailers and their contents were soon tested to see weather they had any of the five main biological warfare agents. All tests were returned negative of these chemical agents. As this shows, there is [I6] no proof of weapons of mass destruction, even after the U.S. had invaded and occupied Iraq for the last year and a half.

The Economic Agency of Women in Malthus’ Essay on the Principle of Popu

The Economic Agency of Women in Malthus’ Essay on the Principle of Population It is difficult to examine the question of the division of labor within the household in Malthus’ writings as it seems to be entirely outside the scope of his work. Though his conclusions are predicated on the relationship between men and women, from reading his writing one has the distinct impression that women are not really a factor. In spite of this, an examination of the implications inherent in Malthus’ analysis is revealing of some basic assumptions he makes regarding the economic role of women. With particular regard to the question of agency within the marriage, Malthus’ arguments and conclusions are in opposition to the arguments put forth by Smith in his Lectures on Jurisprudence. Malthus builds his argument upon two axiomatic statements: â€Å"First, that food is necessary to the existence of man. Secondly, that the passion between the sexes is necessary and will remain nearly in its present state† (Malthus, 1798, Ch 1). Though he does not identify it as such, Malthus makes a third assumption: â€Å"Population, when unchecked, increases in a geometrical ration. Subsistence increases only in an arithmetical ratio† (Ch 1). What this creates, in his model, is a society that is driven by population pressures to expand and held back by a variety of checks. These checks divide into two basic categories, preventive and active. The active checks are what Malthus terms â€Å"vice† and â€Å"misery† and are interesting for the purposes of this paper only in that they are unavoidable aspects of every society. The preventive checks, however, are all predicated on members of society delaying marriage. These preventive checks, while the y vary in the speci... ...besides the cost they incur on the men who father their children. In conclusion, we return to Adam Smith’s model of marriage in his Lectures on Jurisprudence. For him, marriage was predicated on the next generation. It was a tool, not only to provide for the next generation as with Malthus, but for the very existence of children capable of inheriting and continuing the family line. Malthus creates a much more dismal perspective of children, the only product of women, as mere dead weight. In providing the next generation, women merely increase the pressure of population on the food supply, with no consideration on a micro level of the advantages of child bearing. References Malthus, Thomas R (1798). Essay on the Principle of Population [Electronic Version]. Retrieved September 19, 2003, from http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/ public/MalPopu.html

Reward systems Essay -- essays research papers

CHAPTER 3 Reward systems RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  INTRODUCTION The aim of this chapter is to explain, justify and account for the research methodology that has been selected in this study. In conducting the investigation, the researcher intends to proceed from a quantitative-descriptive design. A number of issues related to the research methodology will be extensively discussed below. 3.2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  METHODICAL ACCOUNT (RESEARCH:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   QUANTITATIVE-DESCRIPTIVE) Thyer as cited by De Vos and Fouchà © (1998: 77), defines a research design as a â€Å"blueprint or detailed plan for how a research study is to be conducted – operationalizing variables so they can be measured, selecting a sample of interest to study; collecting data to be used as a basis for testing hypotheses, and analyzing the results.† Hussey and Hussey (1997: 54), also point out that research methodology refers to the overall approach evident in the research process from the theoretical foundation to the strategies that are used in the collection and analysis of the data. So research methodology can be said to indicate the answers to questions as to how research should be designed, structured, approached and executed. In this study, the researcher has opted to conduct his investigation through the quantitative-descriptive paradigm. A randomised cross-sectional survey design will be used to investigate attitudes of employees with regard to reward systems. According to De Vos and Fouchà © (1998: 127), the randomized cross-sectional design is written as follows:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  R O1 Where, R = randomized selected subjects   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  O1 = administration of the questionnaire It is through the relevant and appropriate quantitative research paradigm that the researcher hopes to conduct a controlled, purposive, accurate, systematic, and scientific research on the impact of reward systems on employee attitudes. The researcher also hopes that the quantitative research approach would enable him to arrive at findings that would have greater validity and less artificiality as a process of measuring the impact of rewards on employee attitudes. 3.3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  RESEA... ... caring professions. Pretoria: J.L. van Schaik. Du Plooy, J.L., Griesel, G.A., and Oberholzer, M.O. (1993). Fundamental pedagogics for advanced students. 4th Edition. Pretoria:Haum. Greengard, S. (2004). Employee surveys: ask the right questions, probe the answers for insight. Workforce management [online], December, 2004, pp76 – 78. Available from: http://www. Workforce.com.html [Accessed 15 April 2005]. Hussey, J and Hussey, R, (1997). Business research: a practical guide for undergraduate and postgraduate students. London:Macamillan Locke, L.F., Spirduso, W.W., and Silverman, S.J. (1993). Proposals that work: a guide for planning dissertations and grant proposals. 3rdEdition. London: Sage Publications. Mancosa. (2003). Research methodology. Study guide diploma in management studies. Durban. Schurink, E.M. (1998). The methodology of unstructured face-to-face interviewing. In De Vos, A.S. (ed.) (1998). Research at grass roots: a primer for the caring professions. Pretoria: J.L. van Schaik. Strydom, H. De Vos, A.S. (1998). Sampling and sampling methods. In De Vos, A.S. (ed.) (1998). Research at grass roots: a primer for the caring professions. Pretoria: J.L. van Schaik.

School Dress Code Standards

Most schools impose regulations on how students should dress. The sole intent is to keep students safe and get focused on academics. A well centered dress code couple with other appropriate interventions can have a position impacts on the fraternity of the school’s social environment (Hanks, 2004). School Dress Code Standards The supporters of the dress codes have come up with a list of advantages of standardized dress code in school. First, a sincere concern about safety is an overriding impetus towards the implementation of dress code policies. If everyone in school dresses alike there will be less violence in schools. There is a definite connection between clothing style and violence in schools. This is because many students will associate an image or sometimes a stigma to certain styles mostly gang-style clothing (Hanks, 2004) In many cases students have become targets of unintentional violence simply because of wearing a certain color combination which can be afflicted to a certain gang. An example is a popular style where boys wear baggy pants and oversized shirts. This image is closely associated with inner-city gang members who wear such loose fitting clothes so as to better hide weapons or drugs, which can also be carried to schools (Hanks, 2004). The students hunger to be fashionable is another dimension connecting clothing style and school violence. In this case students may envy other children’s clothes due to the lack of financial resources to purchase similar clothes and get abreast with style. Subsequently students’ have been injured or even get killed for their designers’ clothes or the professional sport-team paraphernalia. When students feel safe and secure they tend to perform better academically. Hence, enhancing academic performance is another argument that favours dress code policies (Feiler, 2004). Dress code in general helps children to follow on their school work instead of paying attention to what they and others are wearing. Imposing a dress code will prohibit wearing of clothing that can be disruptive. The other benefits attached t uniforms that can help enhance performance, includes; enhanced displine, respect for teachers, fewer distractions and improved classroom behavior. The other point to make on dress code in schools is the peer pressure. Middle school students’ can sometimes become cruel. In this case, if a child does not wear the right brand or style of clothing other student can make life a difficult for that student (Feiler, 2004). By removing the status depicted by clothing labels uniform becomes a great equalizer. The income of the child’s family is also concealed by the uniform which can thus eliminate a mark of distinction or shame. If the school uniform is attractive it promotes school spirit and self image the same way an athletic team uniform promotes spirit and unity (Feiler, 2004). If a dress code is instituted, many families will realize the great benefit of not having to buy so many expensive clothes for their children who maybe fashion conscious. With some comparisons the cost of uniform is significantly less compared to the cost of the latest fashions. Parents will also welcome uniforms because they have an added peace to the home. This means that if the school imposes what to the students should wear to school it will become one less battle to fight in the morning (Feiler, 2004). Dressing seductively poses a great distraction to the opposite sex. This makes sense why it’s important to put restrictions to what can worn in school. Sexual thoughts are frequent in middle school and in high school and hence most students do not need visual aids because their imagination is active enough. Uniform makes school not to be the appropriate avenue to express oneself especially in terms of clothing. The student should use his mind and voice so as to appropriately express his thoughts opinions and questions. Uniform and dress codes should be used as a part of life. Most of jobs have certain kind of restrictions that pertains to dress. Children and students should be made to adhere to simple roles such as those of dress codes while in school (Craik, 2005). Attendance is improved by imposing school uniform because the student will always have something acceptable to wear. Sometimes students may miss school just because they do not have something cool to wear or because their shirt that was cool was wet to wear to school. How we dress matters a lot as even for the entrepreneurs that work out of their home tend to feel that their working is more productive if they dress appropriately other than working in pajamas (Craik, 2005) Conclusion Students should dress respectively when in school. They can be allowed to wear what they want but only to a certain extent. They should not be allowed to wear their pants around their knees or miniskirts. This is sloppy and does not show self respect or self confidence. Also there is no business that wants to hire a man with pants down her knees. If one wants a good job, then one needs too wear properly, as this shows respect. There are many reasons to why schools should impose dress codes its not for the hindrance of individuality but to promote a better life and one’s self-confidence. If you want to have a good education and a well paying job you have to dress for it (Craik, 2005)

Islam in Seven Pages Essay

Islam is regarded as one of the world’s top religions in terms of denomination. It has been practiced around the world for almost all known human history. Followers of the Islam religion are all over the globe, present in almost every country. They are people whom we encounter or may encounter in our daily lives. Islam followers had been victims to reckless stereotyping and false assumptions. So to clear these up, it is just fair that we should at least take a peek into the subject and try to understand the nature of Islam. The Early Years of the Prophet Muhammad A simple man, destined to be one of the greatest man that ever lived. Once, there was political instability and restlessness among the people Arabia. People became far from God and care less if they are. They are worshiping idols and false gods. The situation is much like what the whole world is experiencing in the present era. A simple man, a working-class type of man, was chosen by the one God himself, to carry out the messages of God to relieve the world from its impurities that are causing its own miseries. Muhammad entered the world in 570 A. D. The name Muhammad literally translates as â€Å"praiseworthy. † Unfortunately for the young Muhammad, his father died just four months after his birth and his mother departed when he was only six years of age. He was an orphan, and so his uncle took care of him. He worked as a shepherd boy for his neighbors and a camel driver, traversing the Arabia-Syria route for his uncle. Through hard-work and dedication, He did well in the business of handling trade caravans for merchants. His clients gave him the nickname â€Å"Al-Amin† which means â€Å"trustworthy. † Through this career, his travels paved the way for him to be in contact with people of other nationalities and faith. When he reached the age of 25, he was employed by Khadija, a wealthy widow, who later on became his wife. The couple enjoyed a happy and loving marriage. A man having many wives was a common practice during that time, but Muhammad had only one wife, even when after she passed away only 24 years after their marriage. Tragedy has gotten its fair share with this man. He had his ups and downs, much like everyone else in this planet. But something great was destined for this man. He is soon to be experiencing an encounter of divine proportions. The Prophet’s Life in Mecca During Muhammad’s late 30’s, he developed the habit of taking regular visits to a cave in Mount Hira, located in the outskirts of Mecca, to mediated and find solitude away from the problems of society. In 610 A. D, during the time Khadija was still alive, in one of his visits he rushed to their home telling his wife that an angel appeared before him. His wife was initially shocked but later on became his first convert. It was Angel Gabriel that appeared before him. The angel told him that God commands him to proclaim His word among his fellow human beings. He was reluctant to follow the command at first. He sees himself as just a normal person. He fearfully replied that he is not fit for the job. The angel commanded that Muhammad must speak for God to his people. Speak about His message that He will teach humanity what we do not know. And about God’s incomparable glory and generosity to his creations. The angel continued to visit him. Khadija supported his husband through this experience. Muhammad managed to be convinced and confident that it is truly God that had chosen him to deliver the holy message. Since then, Muhammad was burdened the holy mission of delivering God’s words to His people. Muhammad was assigned the holy mission to change the ways of his fellow countrymen. He conveyed the holy message that they should shun away from materialism, polytheism, immorality, and should only worship Allah as the only God. But during his conveyance of the holy message, he made it clear to the people that he is not a divine being of any kind, he is simply a prophet. He clearly stated that he is not able to perform miracles, only the one God is capable of such things. He was merely a messenger of God’s commands. Almost three years had passed and there were only forty converts to the faith. This is because many people in Mecca opposed the message because the kind of society they are indulging themselves is jeopardized. The people in Mecca won’t simply find it easy to give up their wealthy economic status and immoral indulgences. Muhammad’s early followers were heavily persecuted by Meccans who are yet to be converted and saved by the message. The persecution has led Muhammad to decide to move to Medina for safety. The Prophet’s Life in Medina Ironically, Muhammad was born into the Quraysh tribe. And this tribe was one of the first tribe to react violently to the holy message Muhammad conveyed. They had been very careful in keeping their migration to Medina unknown to the Quraysh tribe. They moved individually and in pairs to gradually complete the secret migration. During this time, the Quraysh tribe are considering their methods of action towards Muhammad. They’ve came up with imprisonment, exile, and the final decision was murder. The angry Meccans trailed Muhammad and his followers on their way to Medina. By the greace of God, they managed to escape the Meccans by hiding inside a cave. Upon their arrival at Medina, 73 converts pledged loyalty to Muhammad. During his first year in Medina, he authored the Constitution of Medina which is a formal agreement between him and the important tribes in the area. It is mainly concerned the rivalry of clans and to bring it into an end. As an effect, it bonded Muslim, Jewish and Pagans of Medina into a peaceful community. Muhammad later on led the Battle of Badr against the Quraysh. This was has been on-going for a long time and Muhammad’s victory is attributed to divine intervention. Muhammad was also a key factor in winning other battles over those in contention with the faith.

Evolving Toward Ecstasy Essay

This art review by Robert Smith is on a Matisse Exhibition that was at the Metropolitan Museum of Art last November, â€Å"Matisse: In Search of True Painting. † The name of this article comes from a quote from Matisse himself, where he claims to work â€Å"towards what I feel; toward a kind of ecstasy. † From the beginning of the article, Smith raves about this exhibit. He calls it â€Å"one of the most thrillingly instructive exhibitions about this painter, or painting in general, that you may ever see. † His excitement for it is unmistakable, but this may be a biased opinion, as he seems to be a huge fan of Matisse himself. He seems genuinely impressed with Rebecca Rabinow, a curator of modern and contemporary art, and how she put the exhibit together, but his love for the artist most likely influenced his view. He praises the decision to show Matisse’s penchant for copying pieces and working in series. Two still life arrangements with fruit and compote are included along with four views of Notre Dame as seen from Matisse’s window and many other series and copies. He describes the exhibit as spacious as it is spread out through eight different galleries. In each pair or group of works, a mini seminar is created according to Smith. He goes into detail about how you could spend your entire visit in the second and third galleries with their sailors, nudes with white scarves and â€Å"contrasting psychological chords and spatial treatments of the Laurettes. † He comments on the textbook simplicity of how the exhibit is set up, letting your eyes wander through the different styles, textures, colors and overall effect of Matisse’s works. There is no doubt that Smith has a very positive view of this Exhibition. He applauds the 49 exceptional works chosen, for how they skim across Matisse’s long and productive career. In this review, he discusses a large amount of Matisse’s works, which sways from the point of the article, which was to critique the exhibition. His support for it is blatant, but he may have gone off on too much of a tangent on his love for Matisse and his works of art. This review could be beneficial to readers, but it could also be misleading if you aren’t already a fan of Matisse’s art. He aggrandizes the exhibit as a whole, so its not really clear if the quality is really there, or if he’s just smitten with the artist displayed.

Data communications system Essay

1.Message. 2.Sender 3.Receiver. 4.Transmission medium. 5.Protocol. Q1-11) Why are protocols needed? To achieve end-to-end delivery of data. Q-17) Explain the difference between an Internet draft and a proposed standard? – An Internet draft is a working document (a work inprogress) with no official status and a six- month lifetime. – A proposed standard is elevated to draft standard status after atleast two successful independent and interoperable implementations. Q2-5) A host communicates with another host using the TCP/IP protocol suite. What is the unit of data sent or received at each of the following layers? a. application layer:Message b. network layer:Datagram c. data-link layer:Frame Q2-12) When we say that the transport layer multiplexes and demultiplexes application layer messages, do we mean that a transport-layer protocol can combine several messages from the application layer in one packet? Explain. The TCP/IP protocol suite uses several protocols at some layers, we can say that we have multiplexing at the source and demultiplexing at the destination. Multiplexing in this case means that a protocol at a layer can encapsulate a packet from several next-higher layer protocols (one at a time); demultiplexing means that a protocol can decapsulate and deliver a packet to several next-higher layer protocols (one at a time). To be able to multiplex and demultiplex, a protocol needs to have a field in its header to identify to which protocol the encapsulated packets belong. At the transport layer, either UDP or TCP can accept a message from several application-layerprotocols. At the network layer, IP can accept a segment from TCP or a user datagram from UDP. IP can also accept a packet from other protocols such as ICMP, IGMP, and so on. At the data-link layer, a frame may carry the payload coming from IP or other protocols such as ARP. P1-4) For each of the following four networks, discuss the consequences if a  connection fails. a. Five devices arranged in a mesh topology. It Will not failed b. Five devices arranged in a star topology (not counting the hub). It Will not failed c. Five devices arranged in a bus topology. It will failed d. Five devices arranged in a ring topology. It will failed P2-11) Protocol layering can be found in many aspects of our lives such as air travelling. Imagine you make a round-trip to spend some time on vacation at a resort. You need to go through some processes at your city airport before flying.You also need to go through some processes when you arrive at the resort airport. Show the protocol layering for the round trip using some layers such as baggage checking/claiming, boarding/unboarding, takeoff/landing. 1-Print your boarding pass and check your luggage. 2-Head to security. 3-Find your gate/terminal. 4- Hang out and wait for your plane. 5-Wait for the announcement to board. 6-Get your boarding pass checked. 7-Enter the aircraft. 8-Stow your carry-on items. 9- Get settled in.

Audit Assurance and Compliance for Accountability- myassignmenthelp

The main information is seen to be based on the various types of eh compliance which is seen to be based on the financial report of DIPL. This has been further seen to be based on the development pertaining to the audit plan with the various types of the guidelines generated in the audit process. In particular this has been seen to be helpful for the assessor in the consideration of the various types of the consideration made in the audit cost as per the assists in the aversion in the aversion for misunderstanding of the clientele data. The various aspects of the analytical data has been further seen to be associated to the dissemination of the information based on the financial declarations of the company. The important aspect of the process has been further based on the specific approach of the financial declarations, financial analysts and accountants for taking vital business decisions (Mahmoud Hosseinniakani, Inà ¡cio and Mota 2014). The analytical approach has been further considered as per the common sizing and analyse the reference point. The comparison of the financial statement has been considered as per the different types of the methods seen to be conducive for different period in different corporations. The ratio analysis of the company has been further seen to be considered as per the financial declarations of the audit (Adams and Evans 2004). Explanation of the way the results influence planning decisions for the audit The planning of the decisions has been further seen to be considered as per the audit planning when necessary. The results of the analytical process have been considered as per the classification of the financial statements as per the relevant information. For example, the various types of the outcomes of the ratio has been taken into account as per the current ratio of DIPL. This has been computed as 1.42 in 2013, 1.46 in 2014 and 1.5 in 2015. The main aspect of the profitability has been further seen to be 0.068 in 2013, 0.60 in 2014 and 0.06 in 2015. The various aspects of the profitability have been further able to reveal that the net income earned by the firm has been compared to sales from DIPL   (Ruhnke and Schmidt 2014). The assessor needs to understand the reason for high or low expenses to curtail the budget and time. The various types of fluctuations in the ratio are conducive for audit assessment with the soundness in the financial position. Comparably in 2013 and 2015, the solvency ratio is discerned as 0.62 and 0.21(Ghani and Rahman 2015). The important aspect of auditing has been able to show several incidences of material misstatements in the financial announce with a particular company. The various types of the risks have been further related to the financial misstatements with the financial declarations of the corporation. The risks have been further assessed as financial as well as non-financial factors. Despite of this fact the other related risks are seen to be related with omission and diverse errors, which are further seen to be diverse in nature for the operations of business in DIPL (Knechel 2016). As per the given situation the various transactions has been omitted by accountants. This has been directed sequentially with the inconsistencies particular to the essential planning with the sales activity. The depictions made from the study has further disclosed about the accomplishment in terms of the profit generated from sales. The analysis off the given case has been further seen to be associated to the IT implementation process related to certain issues. DIPL is not adequate to handle the execution process and the installation of the reconciliation and the testing of new arrangement at the year end (Kilgore, Harrison and Radich 2014). The cash receipts have been recorded as per the inherent risk present in the company and the same has been suspected based on the material misstatement consideration. Excessive pressure on employees and management- The excess work pressure among the members and the staff has been further related to poor bookkeeping practice. The various attributes has considered as per the poor liquidity, operating outcome and issues in the cash flow (Schmidt, Wood and Grabski 2016). Risks of errors or else incorrect misrepresentation- The main form of the intricacies and the errors has been misrepresented simultaneously (Duncan and Whittington 2014). Integrity of the entire management- The management team of DIPL is seen to lack the required integrity and the expectation to prepare the reputational loss in the business. Unusual pressure on management- The existence of the incentives for the management is based on the issues associated to exits incentives for the misstatements in the pecuniary declarations. Nature of entity business- The growth in the major economies has been seen to be competitive in this circumstance. The aforementioned aspects of the inherent risk of the business have been further based on the consideration to analyse the planning structure of the audit (Gul, Wu and Yang 2013). Identification and explanation of two key fraud risk factors relating to misstatements arising from fraudulent financial reporting The main risks indicated has been considered as per the amount loss incurred based on the fraud. The dissatisfaction among the workforce is based on the employees inducing their involvement in fraud. The various types of the consideration have been further based on specific financial outcomes in terms of changing of the guarantees generated (Kubuabola 2013). Fraud incidence for workforce engagement The main aspects of the fraud risk has been further considered as per the operation of DIPL. The operations of DIPL have been further based on consideration of novel accounting system. The pressure from the employees has been seen to be carried in the installation process for the new IT systems leading to fraud in accounting. The revealing of the IT system has also showed that the engagement in the fraudulent activities has led to the material statement in the audit statement. The various discussions of the study have been also able to show that incidence of improper handling of the IT procedure and allocation of transactions at the end of every year. This may further lead to loss by the end of every year. The different types of the discussions of the study has been further able to show the various incidences associated to the improper handling of the process and the IT and the improper allocation of the transactions during the end of each year (Christensen, Glover and Wood 2013). The fraud in the financial report has been seen to be another important risk factor. At times, due to excessive pressure it has been observed that the outside financiers will be able to declare the various types of the specific announcements made by the financial management to adhere to the certain goals to qualify for the acquisition of the debt. The high nature of the risk has been further seen to be associated to the improper financial considerations. The financial position of DIPL has been further able to depict the different considerations for the increasing trend of revenue from 2013 to 2015.In addition to this; the current asset of DIPL has increased to a considerable level. The gross profit has also increased from 2013 to 2015. The main considerations of the study has been taken with loan amounting to 7.5 million particularly in the loan agreement by maintaining current ratio of 1.5 and the debt equity has been seen to be lower than 1. This particular requirement has been rel ated to the considerations made in terms of improper reflection of the financial position. The company failed in terms of the maintaining the prescribed benchmark which will be able to relate to make the company eligible for the non- eligible finance of BDO (Ackers and Eccles 2015). As per the case study, the valuation of the raw materials of the inventory has been considered at a certain average cost which has been not seen to be appropriate with the present cost considerations. This is because the cost on paper was more than the average cost. The risk associated to the fraudulent activities has been   further seen to be based on monitoring and the evaluation of the financial statement at the same time (Winer et al. 2015). Ackers, B. and Eccles, N. S. (2015) ‘Mandatory corporate social responsibility assurance practices’, Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 28(4), pp. 515–550. doi: 10.1108/AAAJ-12-2013-1554. Adams, C. and Evans, R. (2004) ‘Accountability, Completeness, Credibility and the Audit Expectations Gap’, JCC 14 Summer 2014, pp. 97–115. doi: 10.9774/gleaf.4700.2004.su.00010. Christensen, B. E., Glover, S. M. and Wood, D. A. (2013) ‘Extreme estimation uncertainty and audit assurance’, Current Issues in Auditing, 7(1), pp. 36–42. doi: 10.2308/ciia-50447. Duncan, B. and Whittington, M. (2014) ‘Compliance with Standards, Assurance and Audit: Does this Equal Security?’, in Security of Information and Networks (SIN), 2014 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on, pp. 77–84. doi: 10.1145/2659651.2659711. Ghani, N. L. A. and Rahman, A. R. A. (2015) ‘An analysis of Shari’ah audit practices in islamic banks in Malaysia’, Jurnal Pengurusan, 43, pp. 107–118. Gul, F. A., Wu, D. and Yang, Z. (2013) ‘Do individual auditors affect audit quality? Evidence from archival data’, Accounting Review, 88(6), pp. 1993–2023. doi: 10.2308/accr-50536. Kilgore, A., Harrison, G. and Radich, R. (2014) ‘Audit quality: what’s important to users of audit services’, Managerial Auditing Journal, 29(9), pp. 776–799. doi: 10.1108/MAJ-08-2014-1062. Knechel, W. R. (2016) ‘Audit Quality and Regulation’, International Journal of Auditing, 20(3), pp. 215–223. doi: 10.1111/ijau.12077. Kubuabola, S. (2013) External Quality Audit, External Quality Audit. doi: 10.1016/B978-1-84334-676-0.50005-4. Mahmoud HOSSEINNIAKANI, S., Inà ¡cio, H. and Mota, R. (2014) ‘A Review on Audit Quality Factors’, International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting Finance and Management Sciences, 4(2), pp. 243–254. doi: 10.6007/IJARAFMS/v4-i2/861. Ruhnke, K. and Schmidt, M. (2014) ‘The Audit Expectation Gap: Existence, Causes, and the Impact of Changes’, Accounting and Business Research, 44(5), pp. 572–601. doi: 10.1080/00014788.2014.929519. Schmidt, P. J., Wood, J. T. and Grabski, S. V (2016) ‘Business in the Cloud: Research Questions on Governance, Audit, and Assurance.’, Journal of Information Systems, 30(3), pp. 173–189. doi: 10.2308/isys-51494. Winer, R. A., Bennett, E., Murillo, I., Schuetz-Mueller, J. and Katz, C. L. (2015) ‘Monitoring Compliance to Promote Quality Assurance: Development of a Mental Health Clinical Chart Audit Tool in Belize, 2013’, Psychiatric Quarterly, 86(3), pp. 373–379. doi: 10.1007/s11126-014-9331-5.

Engineering Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Engineering Management - Research Paper Example An engineer is supposed to study the principles of engineering management if he wants to become a successful professional in the field of engineering because the increasing competition in the market due to the limitations put up by the scarcity of resources has made it mandatory for the engineers for have a basic knowledge of management and planning strategies which were deemed as unnecessary for the engineers in past. Engineers are supposed to develop a knowledge of financial management, marketing strategies, risk management in addition to project management techniques in order to excel in the field of engineering and this knowledge should be gained before going out in the field (Shainis, Dekom & McVinney, 1995). I got my first experience of working as an engineer when I worked as a chemical engineering intern in a fertilizer plant. My stay at the organization and the plant was very knowledgeable experience as I managed to spend some time in each of the various operational sections of the organization. My knowledge of the various engineering management sessions helped me a lot during the planning and execution of the various projects which were assigned to me during my work at various sections in the organization and I managed to complete all of the projects whether they were related to research, design or operation with great success and thus I realized the importance of the study of engineering principles in order to become a successful engineering professional.

American literature of the Vietnam war is essentially colonial in form Essay

American literature of the Vietnam war is essentially colonial in form and focus. You may use examples from poetry, science fiction and other forms (such as mus - Essay Example rsonal aims declared a few months after his election for President: â€Å"I do not want to be the President who built empires, or sought grandeur, or extended dominion. I want to be the President who educated young children to the wonders of the world. I want to be the President who helped to feed the hungry †¦ the poor to find their own way†¦ who helped to end hatred among his fellowmen and who prompted love among the people of all races and all religions and all parties. I want to be the President who helped to end war among the brothers of this earth† (â€Å"An Outline of American History†, United States Information Agency, 87-203 (165), p.173, 174). As to many writers who have been writing about the American war in Vietnam, it seems to me President Johnson’s words have nothing in common with reality. It is not up to me to criticize US politics; however, it is the politics that is responsible for the writings of these writers, in both positive and ne gative terms, since many of the writers have actually fought in this war. And their works seem to be colonial in form and focus? If I had fought the Vietnamese War and wrote my poetry in the trenches, would my poetry have been colonial in form and focus? One thing is certain, though: I would have put all my prayers in my poetry, and aren’t prayers among the many things that characterize the American colonial period literature? Speaking of prayers, we must highlight the influence of Puritanism on literature. Although American literature begins with the Native Americans’ oral narratives, myths, legends, songs, during the colonial period it is strongly influenced by the Puritans, considered the most educated and religious people who worshipped God and praised Him and Christian religion in their writings. Puritans wrote mainly of the spiritual dangers of the soul in the form of complex metaphysical poetry, religious history, lyrics, sermons, theological tracts, etc., but always about the constant battle between

Enron corporation's power project in India Essay

Enron corporation's power project in India - Essay Example Enron entered into a contract with the Maharashtra Sate Electricity Board (MSEB) by risking its and its allied companies’ stakes in Dabhol Power Project (DPP). The discussions for the project started with the two principal stakeholders from the Indian side, the Indian state of Maharashtra and the other was Maharashtra State Electricity Board (MSEB). The project proposal of building a 2015 megawatt power plant with the investment of US$3 billion was given a green signal initially (Negotiation-project-India, 2010). Enron was not the only principal stakeholder; it was a sort of joint collaboration with the investment of 10% each by General Electric and Bechtel. Sustenance of the project was detriment to the availability of Liquefied Natural Gas to power the plant, which Enron planned to secure from one of its joint venture in Qatar, 1200 miles away from the power plant situated in Dabhol. The project was the largest ever project taken by Enron in India, supposed to produce electr icity in two phases. In the first phase it was planned to produce 695 megawatts from the locally available LNG, while the second phase target was to produce 1320 megawatts through natural gas channeled from Qatar (Negotiation-project-India, 2010).Enron was expecting huge profits from this project for the company investors from the MSEB of Maharashtra. It took just five days to materialize the contract by signing a memorandum of agreement between the MSEB and DPP. (Negotiation-project-India, 2010).... Sustenance of the project was detriment to the availability of Liquefied Natural Gas to power the plant, which Enron planned to secure from one of its joint venture in Qatar, 1200 miles away from the power plant situated in Dabhol. The project was the largest ever project taken by Enron in India, supposed to produce electricity in two phases. In the first phase it was planned to produce 695 megawatts from the locally available LNG, while the second phase target was to produce 1320 megawatts through natural gas channeled from Qatar (Negotiation-project-India, 2010). Enron was expecting huge profits from this project for the company investors from the MSEB of Maharashtra. It took just five days to materialize the contract by signing a memorandum of agreement between the MSEB and DPP, representing Enron of purchasing electricity at the rate of 7.3 US cents per kilowatt hour (Negotiation-project-India, 2010). What went wrong that the project failed? From the very start, it was a mistake made by the management at Enron to invest in a technology-efficient project in India without attempting an analysis of Indian socio-political environment. One thing became clear that the project was cleared without adhering to set legal and corporate procedures, essential for such a huge global venture. It also became evident that Enron adopted the unethical path in securing the contract. It was totally in the darkness over the political unsettling environment in India. All its negotiating and renegotiating expertise failed as the MSEB could not pay the bill against the used electricity. Enron had to confront opposition from many fronts; it had to initiate counter-campaigns to create positive conditions in its favor; legal battles also ensued.

Health and Safety Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Health and Safety - Assignment Example Management is an authoritative field that is meant to cater for the needs of the workers in an organization. Health and safety policy Health and safety management system is made of several elements. Among them are the health and safety policies. Health and safety policies are structured to monitor the operations of the organization regarding the welfare of workers. Some of the major specifications of the health policy specify the role of individuals while others outline the roles of an organization. Health policy gives specific individuals the mandate to assign responsibility for the identification of applicable regulations and acts. The document elaborates on the use of health procedures. Under this section, the organization is subjected to monitor health and safety legislations, building codes as well as health and safety legislations. The document also deals with the recording of data and keeping of health and safety information. It provides the employee with the rights to view he alth document as it gives employees the accessibility to legal health documents. Health policies specify on the updating of legal health records. The document outlines the procedures that have been put in place to track legislation as well as other health and safety requirements. It provides a clause that employees have a right to training after a legal procedure of recruitment in their area of specialization. Legislation Health and safety management system standard program has a legislative system whose function is to access and identify new proposed as well as existing health and safety legislations. Management responsibilities are outlined and allocated responsibilities are outlined and allocated. The applicable legal acts include: health and safety legislations, environmental legislation and building codes. A procedure shall also be put in place to track developments and key alterations to the health and safety requirements. The system implies that employees affected by the heal th and safety management alterations shall receive training concerning the legislations which are applicable to their jobs. Internal responsibility system The program advocates for an establishment of an internal responsibility system which will monitor the health and safety policies and enforce their implementations. Responsibilities of all levels of management are specified to ensure systematic performance and efficiency of the system. All responsibilities in the program are designed to make room for the institution of a Joint Health and safety committee. The system also provides a format for the selection of the Joint Health and Safety committee. Worker rights Another element is the worker’s rights. The health and safety act states that procedure for ensuring that workers rights are guaranteed by the occupational health and safety act. The occupation health and safety act provides the employees with the right to information and awareness. The main objective of the occupati onal health and safety act is to ensure that the working environment is suitable for the performance of work. This includes the elimination of all form of risks around the working environment. The right to information at work is the basic human right according to the occupational

The Life of Pi by Yann Martel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Life of Pi by Yann Martel - Essay Example This leads to the creation of another version of the same story; this time, however, instead of animals on the raft there are people, Taiwanese sailor, his mother, the cook and the blind French man. The characters in the new story resembles to the animals in the life boat of the original story. And after two hundred and twenty-seven days adrift Pi is the only survivor. Somehow this second story told with hardly any details and seems more believable. By telling two different stories, Author wants to highlight the single most important concept and raised the question. Which story is better - the story with animals or the story without animals This faith revolves around the entire novel and serves as its conclusion. The center meaning of the book is to convey about man's relationship to animals. Pi is cast adrift in a lifeboat with a zebra, a hyena, an orangutan, and a huge Bengal tiger named Richard Parker. Eventually, just the tiger and he are left in the boat, tale of 227 days at sea. The boat is well stocked for a human. Pi only hope for survival is to keep the tiger content and subservient to him. Pi lives in constant terror of Richard Parker, but manages to keep him supplied with fish, turtles, and fresh water so that he doesn't turn on him. Pi limited Richard Parker territory to the floor of the boat .In real life Richard Parker resembles dangerous people .A boundary should always be drawn and restricts them from crossing their limits or invading our territory Pi becomes increasingly convinced that his fate and the tiger's are inextricably linked and progresses to an uneasy truce between adversaries. Ultimately over the months they are together, he develops an ever-deepening relationship with the animal. But Richard Parker is a wild animal. He never forms an emotional attachment with Pi. Near the end of the novel, Richard Parker disappears into the forest without a trace and never returns. Not a single time he looked back. He unceremoniously concludes the relationship and left Pi with tears and a heavy heart. For Pi, caring for the tiger becomes his darkest moments in life. Like Dangerous people Richard Parker and other animals in the novel are never colored with sentimentality .They are revolving around our lives for their own cause and benefit. And they will never hesitate to leave us. 3. Explain why the author chose a tiger as the main animal protagonist instead of an elephant or rhinoceros Martel portrayed Richard Parker to be anything more than a dangerous Bengal tiger and Pi never to be more than a desperate boy lost at sea. His main aim was to show a 16-year old Indian boy, Pi relationship with a dangerously wild animal and survival through the use of his wits and sheer determination for 227 days at sea. So he chooses Richard Parker main animal protagonist unlike elephant or rhinoceros. A tiger symbolizes a carnivorous, wild and unsentimental animal. As the law of nature eventually rules in the lifeboat and Pi ends up as the tiger's last remaining occupant who lives in constant terror , but manages to keep of Richard Parker supplied with fish,